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Lesson
The executing agency and the national project implementation team need to have adequate capacity to undertake the varied roles required in a broad project like this. Such roles as procurement, management of civil works contracts, record keeping, monitoring, and evaluation are just some of the necessary attributes required of a project management team. If the capacity is not present at inception, then part of the initial implementation process should include provision for on-the-job training and capacity building.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
If a large number of reforms is attempted (especially on government policy), then there must be strong stakeholder engagement and ongoing commitment from the government through its executing agency at every step of the implementation. This project was helped by pre-project stakeholder engagement and continuous government consultation and commitment.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 37041-013
Project Name: Second Power Transmission and Distribution Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Road safety programs in rural areas need continuous support to remain sustainable. In this respect, project-based interventions need to be designed more carefully with measures of strengthening beneficiary involvement included in the community- based road safety program to sustain its momentum even after project completion.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contractor Assessment. The project was affected by the unsatisfactory performance of two contractors and one supplier. Although such performance issues are usually observed in projects of similar nature, it is not simple to find a resolution through the bidding process or contract administration. Therefore, a well-planned performance monitoring system by the government linked to sanctioning of such entities may be a likely remedy.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely Implementation of Resettlement Compensation. The timely implementation of resettlement (including at the CBF) was a risk identified at project appraisal. The project encountered delays in resettlement compensation due to slow disbursement of counterpart funds. Since delays in resettlement affect civil works implementation, measures to supplement counterpart funds, including the use of ADB loan proceeds for resettlement compensation, should be considered.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-Border Facilities (CBF) Rehabilitation. No CBF rehabilitation between Cambodia and Thailand included in past ADB-financed projects was implemented since the government failed to acquire land in a timely manner. Therefore, future subregional projects of similar nature need to assess the feasibility of land acquisition for CBF at the concept stage. Depending on the case, either the project should not be considered for ADB-financing or the government should ensure that land acquisition is completed before the fact-finding mission, as an advance action.

Project Number: 42358-013
Project Name: GMS - Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As the scope of the financial sector expands, there is increased need for consultation, coordination, and consensus building between government ministries and agencies, and with the private sector over issues that include financial stability and crisis management, e-commerce (e-banking), consumer protection, and anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CFT). Coordination will require time and strong leadership to plan and execute policy measures.

Project Number: 42305-033, 42305-023, 42305-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program - Subprograms 1-3
Report Date:
Lesson
Solid project preparation based on comprehensive sector analysis and learning from previous operations is crucial for effective project design. The integrated and far-reaching project design of the Enhancing Education Quality Project (EEQP) was the result of the extensive stakeholder consultations and findings of the sector analysis undertaken as a part of the project preparatory technical assistance.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
One key lesson is the importance of providing sustained, well-designed, and consistent support to sector development. In this case, sustained support enabled the thoughtful evolution of a successful system for delivering large-scale, demand-driven, community-based, nonformal programs. A second lesson learned is that the introduction of new approaches, such as introducing competency-based training (CBT) to a fledgling system, requires significant effort and resources. More time and money was needed to develop the skills standards, curricula, assessment tools, and learning packages.

Project Number: 40555-012
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic estimation of unit costs is crucial for effective project design and achievement of originally planned outputs. Underestimation of the unit cost of Secondary Resource Centers (SRCs) at appraisal resulted in modifying the number of SRCs that could be constructed under the project.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sequential development issues in financial sector. Past reform actions mainly took place within a single subsector (e.g., banking and non-banking, including insurance and pensions). The complex interrelationships among subsectors is a new issue that must be resolved. For example, the insurance sector has grown significantly, and life insurance is a new area of activity. But there are few domestic investment opportunities: there is no treasury bond market and a nascent capital market. The insurance industry and pension funds are both service providers and users of the financial market.

Project Number: 42305-033, 42305-023, 42305-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program - Subprograms 1-6
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate capacity within the executing agency to be able to (i) recruit qualified and experienced consultants to support it in procurement work and in contract management, and (ii) select contractors and suppliers that are able to perform satisfactorily on contracts, is critical for minimizing deficiencies in procurement during project implementation. In this project, MoEYS could have more effectively utilized the project management and implementation support consultants to assist it in recruiting individual procurement consultants and in contract management.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination among development partners. Some of the policy actions under FSPIII have been supported by TA from other development partners, which can help mobilize increased resources for policy reforms. In addition, involvement of several development partners can create momentum in support of proposed policy actions. However, development partners may have differing time frames for completion of specific actions, which may result in delays in implementation of ADB-supported programs.

Project Number: 42305-033, 42305-023, 42305-013
Project Name: Third Financial Sector Program - Subprograms 1-5
Report Date:
Lesson
Slow decision-making within the executing agency for procurement and contract management can affect project implementation. More attention to understanding and streamlining review and approval procedures in the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport (MoEYS) during project preparation would have helped minimize implementation delays.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date: