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Lesson
Public response to project activities. Consultations, mass media campaigns, awareness workshops, and beneficiary involvement in conflict resolution meetings all contributed to a greater understanding of project interventions by key stakeholders. Implementation activities did not appear to have created significant public protest and generated no critical news reports, public interest litigation, or petitions.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional change process. The magnitude of loss in potential revenue because of its delay in introducing open competition in state plantation timber harvesting was demonstrated analytically to the government through a comprehensive plantation measurement and valuation system. This led to an increase in stumpage rates and provided an incentive for the Forest Department to take steps to review the mandate of the State Timber Corporation and make it more cost efficient. But much still needs to be done to enhance competitiveness in the sector.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring of production-related activities. A wide range of production activities were financed under the project new woodlots, the maintenance of old woodlots, clear-felling, and the replanting of mature plantations, for example. Detailed physical and financial information was not maintained at the individual enterprise level, however. This would have been best collected through regular stock assessments to estimate growth rates more clearly. The resulting information would have been valuable in two ways.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for ADB to either be more rigorous in enforcing conditions for release of funds, or to have the flexibility to alter release conditions during the course of the program when it becomes obvious that the conditions cannot be genuinely met or are evidently irrelevant to the objectives.

Project Number: 33173-013, 33173-023
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Program II
Report Date:
Lesson
The ability of NGOs and the private sector to make a real contribution to extension services depend on their technical and institutional capacity, and this should be taken into account as a basis for selection. Such a lesson implies that other factors were used as the basis for selection. It also stipulated a requirement for orientation of these organizations, implying that this was not done. This introduces concern as to how successful NGOs and private sector providers actually were.

Project Number: 30228-013
Project Name: Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall, the project outcome appears successful. However, an important opportunity was missed. The project did not establish a recognized baseline with pre- and post-project comparisons to demonstrate to ADB, the government, and key stakeholders the natural resource management, environmental, community, and economic benefits. It would have been possible to provide well-documented evidence that the project had achieved its primary goal.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Alternative livelihood programs, while functioning satisfactorily, were focused on individual households, with little built-in capacity for extension. Small-scale livelihood activities must be appropriate to the situation. TSEMP has shown that the most successful small-scale activities are those that people themselves can sustain, given their income, time, and material constraints. Training is a necessary part of livelihood work, particularly if the participants have no previous experience.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-ministerial implementation of projects brings complications beyond just day-to-day technical issues. Experience shows this to have been the case with other projects. The Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project (TSEMP) experienced many delays caused by having to obtaining agreement and approval across departments.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project can point to the setting up of community fisheries organizations (CFOs) and the empowerment of local communities as huge successes in the short and medium term. However, in the long term, the CFOs may come under considerable pressure from outside interests without technical and moral support from the Fisheries Administration (FiA) provincial teams in the field.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Greater attention should have been given to the impact of the project on the budget resources of the province.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procedures for project implementation at the local level need to be established at an early stage. More attention needs to be given to establishing an ongoing dialogue among ADB, national-level government agencies, and the provincial- level executing agency (EA) and implementing agencies (IAs) on the documentation required for the smooth flow of funds. More attention should have been given to capacity building of the EA and IAs in the early stages of project implementation.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The water availability for the irrigation schemes appears to have been underestimated at the design stage. In particular, it was found that the Sagayon communal irrigation system or CIS (if implemented) would have been able to provide irrigation water to less than 35% of the area planned.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The high cost of providing water to crops, such as tomatoes, using drip irrigation can only be justified in situations where there is assurance of high yields and prices for farm produce. In the project design, insufficient attention was paid to ensuring that the farmers would be able to secure the resources to fund the purchase of high levels of farm inputs or that the marketing arrangements would remain in place for them to obtain high prices.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should have supported a detailed market study to identify the demand for various high-value crops in different markets at various times of the year. This information could have been made available to farmers to guide them in their timing and choice of planting different crops. A market information system, linking farmers with major buyers for their commodities, could also have been provided to ensure that farmers receive the best prices for their crops.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The feasibility study should have included a detailed value-chain analysis to trace the flow of produce from the farm to its final use and to identify all risks involved at different stages. Effective, feasible remedies should be recommended at each stage. A critical oversight in assessing risks was linking the investment project to the purchase of tomatoes by the tomato-processing factory.

Project Number: 24076-013
Project Name: Bukidnon Integrated Area Development Project
Report Date: