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Lesson
The consultants under the loan were hired through quality- and cost-based selectio (QCBS). The staff remuneration in the bids was inadequate for good-quality staff. The level of effort and the skill set specified in the request for proposal (RFP) also did not match the complexity of the assignment. Similar issues encumbered the RFP for the nongovernment organizations (NGOs), allowing generally weak firms to submit bids that could not fully appreciate the tasks ahead.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A major reason for the delay in project start-up was the variance between the report and recomendations of the president (RRP) and the government's PC-1 planning document. Draft RRPs and PC-1s for a project should be shared between ADB and the borrower well before loan approval.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project schedule was unrealistic for a complex project that relied heavily on existing capacity and several up-front conditions before the subproject investments. The scheduling of complex sector and policy loan projects has to be improved and streamlined on the basis of actual implementation experience.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design offered flexibility in developing models for community and private sector participation in the delivery of urban services, without providing a clear framework or adequate resources for these activities. Flexibility is important in the design of sector loans, but for this flexibility to be effectively used, additional capacity, a guiding framework, and resources should be included in the sector loan, with supporting technical assistance for project administration to guide the use of the resources.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not provide market-based salaries. Good staff was therefore hard to retain and turnover was high. This was a major reason for project failure. The overall cost implications of paying professional managers market-based salaries are marginal, especially when the substantial impact of weak capacities on project output and outcomes is considered, as this project demonstrated.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There was a 3-year gap between the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) evaluations (in the last quarter of 1999) and the start (effectiveness) of the project (in the last quarter of 2002). Most structural and financial management plans, base maps, and priority subprojects therefore had to be reappraised at the start of the project, further delaying the project and straining limited capacity. To keep evaluations and project designs relevant, the time between project preparation and start up should not exceed 1 year.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design was based on the assessment of seven sample TMAs and assumptions related to support for LGO 2001 from other sources to address capacity issues. The basis of the capacity assessment was seriously compromised during implementation. The project design did not have enough flexibility and depth to fill these capacity gaps, which would have required major changes in institutional arrangements and additional funding, a possibility that was avoided during implementation.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The policy reforms agreed on at appraisal were overshadowed by the broader reform agenda introduced under local government ordinance (LGO) 2001 before project approval. Where major changes occur in the external environment of projects before ADB approval, it is more efficient to revise the project design up front rather than postpone the major adjustments.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported reforms only in the 24 participating tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs). The provincial government was expected to undertake reforms and address capacity gaps in all the other TMAs (52 in all). This arrangement seriously isolated the reform process. Sector loan projects should assess the political will, capacity, and incentives related to policy actions at all levels before building the support and incentives mechanism for reforms.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project [Loan 1934-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) government and ADB flexibly responded to the changes required as a result of second Compact, few activities were implemented during the first 5 years after the project was approved. To respond to such changes, long-term technical assistance on the ground and closer communication between local stakeholders and ADB is critical, through consultations and review missions.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To improve ownership, state governments should be closely involved in project monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing long-term technical assistance at the state level would be more appropriate to support long-term development, including human resource development and monitoring and quality control systems. Institutional capacity developments require gradual changes and long-term support at the local level would be more efficient.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to include maintenance components for new systems and facility renovations to ensure the sustainability of project outputs. The project initiated several new monitoring systems and supported renovation of health and education facilities. Since it often takes time for staff to understand the usage of new systems and facilities, 6 to 12 months of maintenance services are required to support the gradual shift of maintenance responsibility to the national and state governments.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consultation and participation at the state and community level during project design and scope change are essential for understanding the institutional capacity, and for identifying appropriate implementation arrangements and required technical assistance. Although most of the project activities were at state level, the project was designed to be managed at the national level. Consultations with all stakeholders at state or lower level during the design and preparation of scope changes would have been helpful to identify most appropriate activities and arrangements.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date: