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Lesson
The more important role of women in project decision-making processes needed more emphasis in project implementation, especially in urban areas in Indonesia.

Project Number: 43255-013
Project Name: Urban Sanitation and Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need to ensure adequate outlays for project implementation support. The report and recommendation of the President indicated that the risks of cost overruns for project implementation were mitigated through careful and detailed cost estimation. However, the PCR stated that project implementation support costs exceeded the appraisal estimates. Adequate budget needs to be allocated to support the implementation of location-specific projects that require training and technical advice for local stakeholders.

Project Number: 38015-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Sustainable Tourism Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Marketing and promotion of the tourism products that were developed as intended in the Pro-Poor Tourism Interventions needs more attention, but it was not clear in the PCR as to what were these outputs and outcomes. A tourism marketing and promotions consultant would be able to link together the tourism attractions being developed into various tourism circuits of the countries and the GMS.

Project Number: 38015-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Sustainable Tourism Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the objective of developing demonstration subprojects that will benefit the poor and the ethnic minorities, a tourism evaluation specialist should have been recruited to document subproject experiences in the two countries to help in replicating these in all GMS countries.

Project Number: 38015-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Sustainable Tourism Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project benefits, particularly those that are supposed to address poverty concerns, should be explicitly identified and quantified at the project preparatory stage.

Project Number: 39175-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Kunming–Hai Phong Transport Corridor: Yen Vien–Lao Cai Railway Upgrading Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When preparing a project for Board approval, ADB should have a thorough knowledge of government procedures for approvals needed to begin project implementation. In the case of this project, ADB should have delayed Board approval until government approval was obtained.

Project Number: 39175-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Kunming–Hai Phong Transport Corridor: Yen Vien–Lao Cai Railway Upgrading Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Do not assume the automatic translation of inputs into outcomes. International experience has documented that increasing inputs is only weakly correlated with improved learning outcomes.

Project Number: 40347-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Take hard evidence more seriously in the analysis of what drives learning outcomes.

Project Number: 40347-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 45260-001
Project Name: SASEC Trade Facilitation Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Addressing the question, “where is it available?” the ADB policy should encourage the use of country information such as audit reports (both internal audit and external audit) to provide a wider perspective on the success of the program.

Project Number: 47318-001
Project Name: Strengthened Fiscal Sustainability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s policy on risk assessment and risk management should be reviewed to allow for a consistent approach within projects, programs, or even across subprograms. Risk assessment is often carried out by considering a matrix of likelihood and consequential severity to define the level of risk (individually and overall) before and after the controls or mitigation strategies are in place. The PCR template should also allow for discussion on risk to explicitly consider whether the risk mitigation strategies had been successful.

Project Number: 47318-001
Project Name: Strengthened Fiscal Sustainability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Resilient irrigation structures. The operation and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure built through projects needs to be sustainable. Routine O&M costs have been reduced by the project’s concrete lining of the canals. In addition, the choice of this technology reduces water losses from canals and thus enhances irrigation efficiency and the reliability of water delivery. Where flooding is a predictable annual event, as in the Quang Binh subproject, concreting the top of the dykes and covering it with gravel may prevent damage.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing repairs. The government should take effective financing measures for O&M and repairs to support IMCs and the cooperatives, especially through the provincial people’s committees. Mechanisms to ensure that IMCs and WUGs receive funds at the right time for repairs are needed. At a minimum, WUGs and cooperatives must work closely with the IMCs to ensure timely and effective O&M. The newly established Disaster Management Authority within MARD should play a role in this.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measures to minimize flood damage. Close monitoring of the condition of the infrastructure is needed and cost recovery measures should be instituted for O&M of: (i) tertiary systems managed by cooperatives, and (ii) primary and secondary systems managed by IMCs and IMEs. The findings of the monitoring exercises should be regularly shared with the central and provincial governments to help MARD and the DARDs prepare budgets and mobilize resources.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Making use of water users groups. Although their autonomy was short-lived, WUGs functioned well using hydraulic boundaries. Project WUGs had their own bank accounts and stamp and the right to sign contracts. They received training in irrigation planning and management and financial management. Empowered water users became fully committed to the infrastructure that was crucial to their agriculture livelihood. It was acknowledged by the IMCs, the cooperatives, and even by DARDs that some WUGs constructed tertiary irrigation canals more quickly and/or at lower cost than PPMUs.

Project Number: 30292-023
Project Name: Central Region Water Resources Project
Report Date: