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Lesson
Clarify roles and respect existing mandates. Initial delays in implementation of the project were caused by confusion about the roles of new and existing institutions. Any large- scale reconstruction operation requires clear delineation of the mandates of levels of government, to provide the structure and clarity required for all stakeholders to work with maximum efficiency. To the extent possible, the provincial and regional governments and federal agencies should be provided with capacity to perform their mandated roles.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Have a dedicated lead institution. The dedicated federal (Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority or ERRA) and provincial reconstruction authorities led the overall coordination and monitoring, and facilitated procedures, policies, and strategies for reconstruction. This arrangement allowed efficient and transparent reconstruction, and established the government's commitment to and credibility in mobilizing resources.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing ADB's requirement to incorporate strengthened building standards into the design of buildings and structures was not possible. It took the government 3 years to develop the revised standards, by which time most structures had been designed and many constructed.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the women's rural development societies (WRDSs) involved in components B and H, and earlier in the North East Community Restoration and Development Project (NECORD) and NECCDEP (North East Coastal Community Development Project) projects, demonstrated that community-based organizations contribute to a sustainable mechanism for improving economic activities at the local community level while concurrently achieving aspects of the gender action plan by empowering women through increased income, confidence, and quality of life.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To avoid underutilization of newly built facilities, equipment, staff, and operations budgets should be identified and allocated by the responsible government agencies for activities involving rehabilitation and expansion of buildings and hospitals.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For components B, E, and H, substantial time was required to mobilize community- based organizations and implementing-partner nongovernment organizations (NGOs) to reach hundreds of villages to be served under major disaster reconstruction programs. This resulted in delays at the start of implementing activities under these components, and support from NGOs was required.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reestablishing the identity papers and legal documentation of disaster victims is an essential and urgent necessity, and ADB's support to the government's program improved its delivery and effectiveness by ensuring sufficient funds. As highlighted in the performance audit, the mobile clinics facilitated legal documentation and proved to be an efficient mechanism for emergency situations. This can be adopted as a good practice for future interventions.

Project Number: 39144-013
Project Name: Tsunami-Affected Areas Rebuilding Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The executing agency needs to monitor the project more closely. Without timely monitoring and evaluation, an opportunity to demonstrate improved sector performance was missed. Early mobilization of consultants is necessary for effective implementation of the project. Consideration could be given to a short, results-based consulancy to assist the executing agency and project implementation unit (PIU) agree on the baseline, commence procurement, and clarify any implementation issues, as well as short- to medium-term consultancies to implement specific project components.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of the procurement capacity of the executing agency and ensuring development of adequate capacity of the PIU and executing agency would help implementation of the project and ensure efficient procurement and consultant engagement.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
E-learning is as important for teachers as it is for their students. Information and communications technology (ICT) is not a translation of textbook materials into electronic textbooks, but requires pedagogical skill in identifying how the technology strengthens student understanding of core concepts and encourages self-directed learning. It is a transition from teacher-centered to student-centered pedagogy. It also requires more creative e-learning materials.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The cluster leader school (CLS) model supported by a decentralized training cascade is an effective model for delivering continuous professional development training.

Project Number: 37698-013
Project Name: Information and Communications Technology in Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Availability and capacity of the contractors. The number of contractors was limited and the number of responses from bidders was low. All civil work contractors were local and some lacked working facilities, funding resources, and/or skilled and qualified staff. The weak capacity of some local contractors was a major cause of project delays. Also, some civil works packages were geographically spread out, making it difficult for contractors to manage their resources, labor, and materials.

Project Number: 37066-033
Project Name: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Project 2) - State of Orissa
Report Date:
Lesson
Project readiness and utility relocation. Project preparation had some weaknesses during the design phase, especially in site reconnaissance and consideration of design alternatives. Strengthening this aspect would avoid problems and associated delays in project implementation. Relocation of electricity poles and telecommunication lines was a common problem faced in almost all contract packages.

Project Number: 37066-033
Project Name: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Project 2) - State of Orissa
Report Date:
Lesson
Time requirements for completing a subproject. Following the Prime Minister - s Rural Roads Program (PMGSY) guidelines, each civil works contract had a stipulated completion period of 12 months. However, it was found that 12 months were insufficient, especially given pre-construction activities, the capability of contractors, and adverse weather conditions in the project area. It was found that at least 15-20 months were needed for all project activities.

Project Number: 37066-033
Project Name: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Project 2) - State of Orissa
Report Date:
Lesson
Project benefit monitoring. For investments in physical infrastructure to be effective and sustainable, the investment program needs to focus more on sex-disaggregated data analysis. Road improvements have a high potential to bring improvements in reproductive health, education, possession of movable assets, employment opportunities, and nutrition. Monitoring of selected sex-disaggregated key indicators should be incorporated in future subprojects under the program.

Project Number: 37066-033
Project Name: Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Project 2) - State of Orissa
Report Date: