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Lesson
To ensure the formulation of a well-grounded design, a thorough preparatory assessment could be undertaken by including the political environment and the risk of corruption in a country. In cases where corruption is perceived as being high, support for better performance and greater accountability in public financial management systems plays a crucial role.

Project Number: 48458-001, 48458-003
Project Name: Expanding Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to continuing technical assistance (TA), it is important that professional advisors work closely with the government of Kiribati to try and ensure reform momentum.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
A stand-alone policy-based grant would have been preferable for this project rather than a programmatic approach.

Project Number: 47322-001, 47322-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Reform Program: Subprograms 1 and 2 Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
consultants. 4. Knowledge building ( ) Awareness () Technical product ( ) Adoption or uptake () Building institutional or system capacity ( ) National or sector practice (guidelines) ( ) Policy, legal standards ( ) Academic literature The workshops were attended by 40 government officials, but further knowledge sharing was facilitated through a wider yet targeted dissemination of the knowledge products. When targeted well, distribution of knowledge products can be an effective way of institutional knowledge building.

Project Number: 48459-001
Project Name: Reforms in the Public Sector Compensation System
Report Date:
Lesson
Despite what the TCR noted with regards to the incorrectness of the performance indicator (Appendix 1), the design and monitoring of outputs and outcomes for TA projects should be owned by ADB’s own project officers—not delegated to government counterparts or consultants.

Project Number: 48459-001
Project Name: Reforms in the Public Sector Compensation System
Report Date:
Lesson
This is a useful lesson learned, which is applicable to future TA projects.

Project Number: 48459-001
Project Name: Reforms in the Public Sector Compensation System
Report Date:
Lesson
As the TCR stated, other factors (often political) play an important role and are beyond the control of a TA project. Therefore, a broader lesson learned could be: Clearly aligning the intended outcome with its indicators and TA project’s outputs is critical for avoiding any attribution issues. In this TA project, the intended outcome was dependent on many other external factors over which the TA project had no control.

Project Number: 48459-001
Project Name: Reforms in the Public Sector Compensation System
Report Date:
Lesson
A related point here is that knowledge products dissemination activities with purposively identified audience are critical to knowledge transfer and capacity development. In this regard, the TCR could have looked into the underlying reason for the no preparation or submission of the policy brief, and no conduct of the final dissemination event. In so doing, potential lessons and operational learning could be identified to benefit future policy and advisory TAs.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
Agree. The TCR could have identified the study findings that would be more realistically relevant and useful to other ADB member countries. Given the PRC’s unique institutional and policy environment, it is likely that the study findings on the reform of monopolized industries and promotion of private sector development could be of greater value to other member countries than the reform of SOEs and labor market.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
Agree. It would be useful if the TCR could identify and discuss the inconsistency in scope of study between actual TA_x005F_x0002_produced reports and the planned reports as detailed in the TA report's methodology and key activities. The same applies to the no submission of the policy brief, no conduct of the international study tour, and the final dissemination event. It should be clarified whether these changes were decided in consultation with executing agency, implementing agency, and other stakeholders.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
Agree. But the TCR did not provide any explanation on why the final dissemination event was not held, despite that there were adequate TA resources to support this activity. For the TA-produced general synthesis report and the three subreports, the TCR provided no information other than their titles.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR should have provided more details about consultants and their work. The TA fund was underutilized, with the consultants’ costs reduced from $370,000 to $228,000.Substantial TA outputs were also under-delivered. The TCR should have investigated and discussed why this was the case. Meanwhile, it would have been useful to also discuss the performance of ADB staff, the executing agency, and the implementing agency, in the context of under-delivered TA outputs.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could have provided more details in its sections about conduct of activities, implementation arrangements, and assessment ratings to substantiate this lesson. While the TA’s extension by 1 year and 9 months could be an indicator of inadequate coordination, more descriptive and analytical details should have been provided to make this lesson evidence_x005F_x0002_based and relevant.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR could also have augmented its analysis in addition to listing the titles of the consultants’ reports. For a policy and advisory TA with the target of developing policy analysis for government agencies’ reference and consideration the TA’s findings and policy recommendations should offer inspiring perspectives and insights that are addition to what, in the absence of the TA, would have been available to and well known by the targeted audience. To this end, the TCR should have adequately discussed the reports’ contents and quality.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date:
Lesson
A lesson could be identified here: The outcome indicator(s) of a policy and advisory TA shall be deliberately designed to establish a reasonable cause–effect relationship between outputs and outcome, and, therefore,ensure a logical appropriateness and continuum of the DMF results chain. It isimportant that the outcome indicator(s) reflect the immediate and direct benefits of application of TA outputs, rather than aim to address a high-level development issue, which would bedisproportionately ambitious and complex for a TA.

Project Number: 48460-001
Project Name: Promoting the Decisive Role of Market in Resource Allocation
Report Date: