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Lesson
To avoid unnecessary financing commitments and fund allocations, it is important to undertake a detailed needs assessment of all planned components. The project cost was 31% lower than estimated because of lower bid prices received under the international competitive bidding, the transfer of part of the project scope to another tranche project, and non-implementation of some project activities. ADB financing was 22% lower than its $50 million loan commitment.

Project Number: 47101-002
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
A needs assessment carried out as part of the project design contributes to the project scope being defined more accurately and project allocations being optimized for project or other development expenditure. Some of this project’s main activities were dropped or carried out at reduced scope because of changes in the situation or reassessments undertaken during implementation. For example, the centralized billing system initially included in the project scope was canceled as it would instead be implemented by APDCL.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough feasibility study of all the key the aspects of a project is critical to identifying constraints and avoiding delays and mid-project changes. The change in location of the 33/11-kilovolt substation resulted in substantial delays in starting the component. The change was necessary because the government land originally identified became unavailable for use by the project. Similarly, the conversion of overhead lines to underground cables had to be undertaken on a pilot basis as the required right-of-way clearances to lay the cables were not issued.

Project Number: 47101-003
Project Name: Assam Power Sector Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Optimizing project scope and benefits requires careful analysis of the local context at design stage. Improved roads and market infrastructure resulted in more connected and vibrant rural communities and markets. This has brought moderate increases in household incomes in market catchment areas, but the project did not lead to an increase in agricultural production. The income effects also varied depending on the location and composition of livelihoods.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Spreading a project across a wide geographic areas creates additional coordination and administrative difficulties. The project had a wide coverage in southern Bangladesh where several subprojects were distributed across 12 districts, adding coordination and administrative burden to implementing agencies. The project could have selected fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While cash support is vital for immediate relief and consumption smoothing during a crisis, which in turn reduces the adoption of risky coping strategies—such as reducing food intake, selling assets, or borrowing—it is important during the post-crisis or recovery period to introduce programs that increase poor and vulnerable households’ resilience to future shocks.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening social protection systems in advance, including benefit payment systems, poverty targeting systems, program registration systems, etc., is critical to be able to respond to shocks quickly when they happen. For example, Mongolia’s 100% electronic payment system for the universal child grants made it easy to transfer increased grants to recipients.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inaccurate projections can reduce the financial viability of projects and lead to unoptimal use of resources. At project appraisal, populations in Anaklia and Mestia were forecast to grow significantly with Anaklia’s planned port construction and tourism development of Mestia as an international ski resort and historic heritage site. As it turned out, towns in Georgia, including the three towns, witnessed out-migration and reduction in population in the last decade.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Scope changes can lead to extended implementation delays, especially when review and due diligence on these changes are not organized properly. The project experienced significant implementation delays due to factors which were unforeseen at approval. These changes resulted in reallocation ofthe loan proceeds. The review process including due diligence for these changes took 1 year on average. In fact, the process could have been shortened had the organization of these changes been orderly.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Demand-led implementation and strong ownership and consistent government support are critical to the success of financial market reform programs. All stakeholders demonstrated strong commitment to the reform agenda, which led to timely and complete implementation. Sufficient assessment at program appraisal ensured that the strategic objectives of stakeholders were aligned with development objectives.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program
(Subprograms 1; 2; and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
A structured, holistic, and sequential approach, backed by a comprehensive, medium- to long-term program and sufficient technical assistance (TA,) is critical to the success of financial market reforms. A wide range of reforms covering key pillars of the financial system was incorporated in this program nto enhance legislation, improve regulatory frameworks, introduce new initiatives, and support sustainable capacity building using a structured and sequential approach over the medium term.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program
(Subprograms 1; 2; and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Balanced distribution of project benefits may require the provision of incentives for coverage of less attractive project areas. The beneficiaries of the project were highly concentrated in a few counties. Adequate incentives (e.g., bonus and honor) to the financial intermediaries and county project management offices to implement the project activities in all project counties would have ensured balanced the distribution of project benefits.

Project Number: 47046-002
Project Name: Gansu Featured Agriculture and Financial Services System Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Significant implementation delays under both tranches underscore three important points: (i) weather conditions stop works during winter months and even interrupt work during other months, (ii) proper planning is essential so that issues such as inadequate access infrastructure can be taken care of sufficiently in advance, and (iii) extensive geological surveys and testing are crucial in the Himalayan region prior to the detailed project report stage.

Project Number: 41627-023, 41627-033
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Development Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong community support is better assured through collaboration with local groups. Even in baghs (subdistricts) where shelters were not constructed, community support was strong because of the BNGs established by the project. Community ties nurtured through the BNGs have resulted in knowledge exchange, responsibility-sharing among the herders, and efficient use of BNG revolving funds and disaster risk reduction equipment and tools. BNGs organized various activities that benefited the whole community, such as road repairs and fence-building new fences.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporation of experiences and lessons from local and global good practices strengthens the design of projects.

Project Number: 48236-001
Project Name: Strengthening Community Resilience to Dzud and Forest and Steppe Fires Project 
Report Date: