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Lesson
The collective development results of a regional cooperation and integration project (e.g., cross-border spill-over effects of economic benefits and scale economies) rely on a well-defined and formulated joint project design and collective actions, including well-coordinated implementation activities among participating countries. These results, which were not evident in this project, reduce coordination failures and help in enhancing the delivery of regional public goods and services, including economic benefits.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The formulation of performance indicators in the context of regional dimension helps better assessment of the shared economic benefits among participating countries. Consequently, these performance indicators could provide insights into the magnitude and significance of these spill-over effects or shared economic benefits. In particular, these could provide insights into whether these regional economic benefits were well-dispersed or if a specific project entailed an asymmetrical distribution of benefits and costs across the countries.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparing, reviewing, and monitoring project cost estimates contribute to a more efficient utilization of project funds. A more in-depth assessment and consideration of currency depreciation factors during project appraisal permits a more robust cost estimate. Under this project, a substantial loan amount was canceled because of the rupee depreciation against the US dollar. In-depth financial planning and cost projections coupled with risk mitigation measures allows for better utilization of loan proceeds.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate capacity to assess the bids and contracts increases procurement risks and results in implementation delays. It is imperative that borrower and/or the executing agencies conduct sufficient due diligence on the technical and financial qualifications of bidders to ensure that they can deliver the required works and contract obligations of the project. Such an examination prevents contracting low performing contractors.

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained policy dialogues, close collaboration, and timely communication among stakeholders help ensure effective and smooth resolution of resettlement and compensation issues. It is vital to consider the concerns of local people and beneficiaries in the project design. The project conducted adequate consultation meetings, focus group discussions, and awareness campaigns among stakeholders. Grievances were resolved effectively through either official deliberation at grievance redress committees or preliminary informal meeting at the field level

Project Number: 49125-001
Project Name: Second Jharkhand State Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to obtain accurate information during the design and appraisal stage to help facilitate growth forecasts of traffic volumes. Such information provides a solid groundwork to assess a transport project’s economic viability and efficiency and helps underpin its rationale, scope, and implementation timeframe. Greater consideration on the survey or collection of traffic data is crucial in enhancing the quality of project-level economic analysis

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better estimation of generated traffic based on "with project” and “without project” traffic forecasts help avoid overestimation of vehicle operating cost savings and, hence, overestimation of economic internal rate of returns.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a project performance monitoring system (PPMS) often leads to inadequate data on project cost and benefits and development impacts, which are critical to project evaluations. At appraisal, establishment of a PPMS was not part of thisproject.

Project Number: 41629-013, 44425-013
Project Name: Bihar State Highways II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A timely and appropriate change in scope and reallocation of grant (or loan) proceeds responding to actual project needs emerging from implementation can help utilize available grant (or loan) resources in a more targeted and efficient manner, facilitate the conduct of more activities, potentially deliver more outputs, and maintain the project's relevance and effectiveness.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Good due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project schedule considering the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB and other development partners' projects. Formulating appropriate project design, identifying major risks, implementing adequate mitigation measures, and providing early implementation support are crucial in minimizing startup delays and facilitating the timely implementation progress of projects.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The establishment of a project performance management system (PPMS), which was not covenanted in the grant agreement, could have provided a useful source of data on which to develop an economic analysis model; identify, quantify, and value economic benefits; and assess the efficiency of the project. Because of the emergency nature of the project, baseline data could be collected during project implementation to enable data comparison after project completion.

Project Number: 52129-001
Project Name: Cyclone Gita Recovery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) for emergency assistance-type projects could be better designed with a focus on project outcome targets instead of project outputs. The latter are difficult to determine because of insufficient time to detail specific equipment requirements. Streamlining DMFs by avoiding repetition of indicators will also help in focusing the DMF.

Project Number: 52129-001
Project Name: Cyclone Gita Recovery Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing high-level steering committees and working groups to ensure smooth coordination among various government agencies is an important element in the success of reform implementation, In this project, it entailed the operationalization of the Pakistan Single Window (PSW), a complex undertaking that required close coordination with various government agencies for efficient trade facilitation.

Project Number: 52049-001, 52049-003
Project Name: Trade and Competitiveness Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: