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Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project involving several ministries, the choice of the executing agency (or agencies) and the role of each ministry must be carefully assessed and discussed with the government and all concerned ministries.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and effective implementation of a project performance monitoring system is essential to the economic and financial evaluation of water supply and sanitation projects. The collection of benefits data helps in the identification, quantification, and valuation of economic and financial benefits for evaluation during and after project completion

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Small projects in the water supply and sanitation sector have high capital costs relative to larger projects where economies of scale are a factor and affect tariff levels and affordability in smaller communities. Government budgetary support is necessary to ensure operation and maintenance and long-term benefits when economies of scale are absent. Budgetary support also maintains affordable tariffs for the most disadvantaged.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Potential problems with funding the maintenance of completed subprojects and/or facilities arise when they highly rely on government budgetary allocations that may or may not materialize in the short- and medium-terms. This can lead to poor periodic maintenance, especially for road routine maintenance. In future projects, consideration could be given to performance-based road maintenance contracts where a period of maintenance is included (e.g., 5 years after completion) in the contracts.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With the project's investment in improving wastewater treatment, solid waste management and recycling, an opportunity arose to establish and impose full cost recovery tariffs and charges for these activities. Appropriate tariff studies could have been undertaken and with recommendations for replication in other towns.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring that contractors engage project management and supervision team with adequate capacity is important. The reason for delays in implementing works contracts and the poor quality of works at the beginning of the project was the low performance of works contractors, who did not provide adequate management and supervision staff in accordance with their contractual obligations. Implementation agencies had to provide additional input to compensate contractors’ deficiencies, which resulted in high additional costs for consulting services.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely capacity development for executing agencies with limited experience in ADB’s procurement rules and in safeguard requirements are important for an efficient project implementation. For example, retendering of TWB’s first works contract caused significant delays and could have been avoid

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to prepare meaningful monitoring frameworks with relevant and clearly defined indicators and targets to assess project effectiveness objectively. For example, the service area (Nuku’alofa water supply network or the overall Tongatapu island) to which the baseline data refer to are unclear (footnotes 16 and 17). In addition, the PCR noted that some of the gender indicators were outside of the project’s sphere of influence and could have been better defined.

Project Number: 42394-022
Project Name: Nuku'alofa Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Risk mitigation strategies and sufficient contingent plans need to be prepared at the outset to improve timely delivery of outputs and project effectiveness.

Project Number: 41116-033
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed project planning and thorough risk assessment (e.g., acquisition and resettlement) is crucial for projects with development challenges and located in areas susceptible to unfavorable climatic conditions. This helps in minimizing the potential risks and challenges for implementation that could result in changes in project scope and implementation delays.

Project Number: 41116-033
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A flexible approach to safeguard policies without strict adherence to established procedures or methods facilitate timely physical construction progress while ensuring the smooth implementation of resettlement plans. For instance, in the case of the construction of the elevated flyover from Jehangir Chowk to Rambagh, a sectional approach was proposed by ERA and approved by ADB. This approach allowed land acquisition to be carried out in a sequential basis within identified sections rather than requiring completion of all resettlement actions in advance of project commencement.

Project Number: 41116-033
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 2)
Report Date: