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Lesson
The ownership and rationale of policy reforms need to be carefully assessed at appraisal. Strong ownership and consistent government support are critical to the success of program loans. As such, the ownership and rationale of policy reforms should be carefully assessed at appraisal. In assessing ownership, it is important to remember that policy actions affect many stakeholders, both within and outside the government.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and monitoring framework (DMF) should be reviewed and updated as necessary during implementation to ensure continued alignment with other aspects of the program. The outcome and output indicators in the program DMF had been developed at appraisal for achievement over a relatively short period of 24 months. However, when program implementation was extended by 23 months to November 2019, an opportunity was missed to update the targeted dates for the indicators, which were measured about 1 year after the extended program completion date.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB with the government is imperative. To maintain reform momentum, ADB’s continued engagement with the government is a must even after the program is completed. One mechanism could be through a post-program partnership framework. While facilitating monitoring of the borrower’s compliance with loan covenants, this will also enable ADB to identify follow-on actions where it can have value addition.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Consensus-building requires sufficient time for meaningful and in-depth consultations with various stakeholders. This program’s experience has demonstrated that building consensus between the government and the private sector, as well as among government departments, could take much longer than envisaged. The program design to strengthen the staffing of three major regulatory institutions within 2 years was optimistic, and a more realistic timeframe should have been considered. Future programs that will necessitate consensus-building should provide ample time for this type of activity.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely provision of adequate community infrastructure and services is key to ensure the well-being of displaced households and achieve resettlement objectives. These infrastructure and services, including electricity, water, waste management, drainage, and road management, would have to meet pertinent national standards at the least and be made available prior to issuance of

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transport projects typically involve a variety of risks in implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, costs and contingencies, safeguards, and financial and contractual risks. The institutional setup, internal review and approval process, and existing capacity and prior experience of the borrower and executing

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of government, especially when a large number of households are affected. It is important for an agency charged with resettlement activities to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and affected people to resolve identified issues on the ground. Having intensive policy dialogues with the agencies on ADB's safeguard policies and providing well-designed TA projects can

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a system for project performance and benefit monitoring, and ensuring its operation after post-project completion helps facilitate the systematic tracking of project results. Weak monitoring and reporting of implementation issues and the insufficient collection and analyses of project benefits and socioeconomic data would hamper project evaluation and lead to noncompliance with loan covenants. The project planned for a PPMS, and DMF indicators were to be collected at baseline and monitored annually. But in this project, the PPMS submitted only one annual report.

Project Number: 38349-013
Project Name: Air Transport Capacity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing the critical requirements for project readiness creates an enabling environment in facilitating the implementation of project activities. Without these requisites, project risks (e.g., institutional factors, procurement risk and delays, among other things) can be greater which could lead to cost and time overruns. A well-defined implementation arrangement at the onset between executing and contracting agencies would convey clear guidance on the respective functions and scope of operations required during various stages of implementation.

Project Number: 38349-013
Project Name: Air Transport Capacity Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Government and counterpart approvals of project processing milestones are important in project design preparation and implementation as these eventually influence the achievement of outcomes. Flexibility in project structuring, reviews, and pre-procurement processes (e.g., advance contracting) ensure that projects are properly scoped and ready. Likewise, a comprehensive assessment of the project’s implementation timeline, financing, and risks involved helps underpin any change in scope.

Project Number: 43393-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Third Ring Road Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-defined financing approach with clear financial resource based on the requirements at the initial phase of project preparation enhances project’s quality-at-entry. Setting up dedicated financing for feasibility studies and advisory support for infrastructure projects support process development and respond to preparatory and capacity gaps in developing infrastructure projects. The MOT withheld approval of the RR3 section 4 design since its financing source had not been confirmed resulting in the non-implementation of the detailed engineering design phase.

Project Number: 43393-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Third Ring Road Technical Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Setting-up, collection, and reporting of baseline and performance indicators are essential to strengthen a project’s monitoring framework. Well-defined outputs and outcome indicators, targets, and baselines specific to project intervention areas improve project monitoring and results evaluation (e.g., reporting outcome or output indicators outside project areas hinders the attribution of results to the project).

Project Number: 40634-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project (Phase II)
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessing environmental policies and plans to address air quality at project design can optimize the choice of energy efficient technologies. An in-depth assessment on the state of the enabling and regulatory environment during project preparation helps identify the most efficient technology.

Project Number: 40634-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project (Phase II)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-matched policy-based loan and technical assistance is a promising approach that can enable the attainment of more ambitious and technically difficult reform results.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Beyond a broad road map, it may be beneficial to concentrate support on PSEs that have already demonstrated results or good performance.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
Report Date: