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Lesson
Frequent changes in project administration at ADB caused confusion and had a negative effect on project implementation. During the project, administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division, via the Governance and Finance Division, to the Pakistan Resident Mission.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak capacity of project staff results in procedural lapses, possible violations of the loan agreement, and slow implementation. Moreover, stringent internal audit controls and close monitoring of expenditures bring more transparency in financial transactions.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the Planning Commission form 1 (PC-1) and inconsistencies between the PC-1 and the report and recommendation of the President (RRP) slow down project implementation. To ensure a thorough review of the PC-1 by ADB, the project officer should be required to prepare a comparative statement identifying both the similarities and differences between the PC-1 and the RRP and loan agreement, and the Planning and Development Department (PDD) should be advised on corrective measures before the loan is declared effective.

Project Number: 36654-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (Balochistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well thought out conceptual design is a key to the success of any project. In this case, the project design had commendable objectives, but it seems that the commitment and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies was overestimated, and there was too heavy a reliance on consultants. Due to lack of capacity and interest by the executing and implementing agencies, sector reforms did not get the traction that was aspired to.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
More confusing were the frequent changes in the ADB administration of the project. During the project's 3.5-year life span, the administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division via the Governance and Finance Division to the Pakistan Resident Mission. This was detrimental to the continuity of interaction with the KPK government.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the main strengths of the project was the continued presence of the same project management in the project management unit (PMU), who were selected and appointed on a competitive basis.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the government project documents (PC-Is) and inconsistencies between the PC-Is and the report and recommendation of the President are perennial problems that result in slowing down the pace of project implementation.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
In provincial projects it is important to identify the sector reforms that can be authorized on the provincial level. A number of the proposed reforms under the project, such as the competency-based training and the on-the-job training, required changes in the curriculum on the federal level.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Before a complex and innovative project is designed, particularly in a relatively less- developed region such as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, it is necessary to have thorough consultation with stakeholders directly involved with the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) system to develop realistic activities.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The frequent change in administration also affected the filing of the key project documentation, resulting in some of the files remaining in headquarters and others in the resident mission.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The persistence of a minor or routine problem could mask serious underlying issues that the project design left unidentified or unresolved, e.g., ownership of the project objectives or governance issues.

Project Number: 30208-013
Project Name: Decentralized Elementary Education Project (Sindh)
Report Date:
Lesson
Even a minor or routine problem—e.g., the currency of the second-generation imprest accounts in the districts—can prove fatal and bring down the entire project if left unresolved over a long time.

Project Number: 30208-013
Project Name: Decentralized Elementary Education Project (Sindh)
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly complex and ambitious projects are difficult to implement especially when the executing agency is not familiar with the procedures and institutional practices of ADB.

Project Number: 30208-013
Project Name: Decentralized Elementary Education Project (Sindh)
Report Date: