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Lesson
Programmatic approaches are an appropriate and effective means to address technically challenging development problems that require long gestation periods. In this case, the government piloted and launched a highly effective program to improve the prospects of young and disadvantaged job seekers, and strengthened several existing labor market activation programs as part of a broader education reform agenda. This process covered more than 6 years and the large technical assistance (TA) grants the program attracted were instrumental to its success.

Project Number: 49117-002, 49117-003, 49117-004
Project Name: Facilitating Youth School-to-Work Transition Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Coordinated use of TA is essential to support policy based lending, as this modality on its own is not well positioned to develop or deploy needed capacity. The TA grants funded by the Government of Canada provided the hands-on support necessary to develop policy and operating systems, which was followed by the program to provide the leverage to support the actual rollout of the JobStart Philippines Program (JSP).

Project Number: 49117-002, 49117-003, 49117-004
Project Name: Facilitating Youth School-to-Work Transition Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has become more proactive in handling crises and providing support to its developing member countries (DMCs) by delivering emergency assistance. The process has been defined further after the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing DMC governments to access and implement emergency programs smoothly and ADB to provide resources more effectively and efficiently.

Project Number: 56147-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Focusing on downstream engagement in select areas through sector development programs and project investments could help unlock structural bottlenecks in service delivery at the local level. This would require follow-on collaboration with various sector teams, such as in agriculture, trade, information technology, health, education, energy, urban, and climate solutions. In other words, building on policies, laws, and institutional capacity to improve service delivery and overall client experience.

Project Number: 52225-001, 52225-002, 52225-003, 52225-004
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program (Subprograms 1, 2 and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Deep diagnostic work, extensive technical assistance (TA), and evidence-based policy dialogue benefit the design and implementation of public sector management reform program. ADB has ensured continuity in policy reform efforts through programmatic policy-based lending (PBL) modality. Through this and other PBL programs, it has been very effective in engaging in high-level dialogue for upstream and mid-term support. PBLs are even more important now at other partners (such as the World Bank) are no longer providing general budget support.

Project Number: 52225-001, 52225-002, 52225-003, 52225-004
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program (Subprograms 1, 2 and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has become more proactive in handling crises and providing support to its developing member countries (DMCs) by delivering emergency assistance. The process was defined further after the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing governments of DMCs to access and implement emergency programs smoothly and allowing ADB to provide resources more effectively and efficiently. The monitoring and reporting mechanism employed for collecting data was also streamlined and became more user-friendly after the experience with the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option.

Project Number: 56150-001
Project Name: Building Resilience with Active Countercyclical Expenditures Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuous and consistent technical assistance (TA) is crucial to the successful implementation of reform programs and sustainability of the reform process. This program is built on the long-term engagement of ADB and development partners in Fiji. It therefore benefited from extensive TA in public sector management, reforms introduced through the previous PBL, and project investments in the water and energy sectors.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A combination of policy-based lending (PBL) and technical assistance (TA) engagement, based on ADB's differentiated approach in small island developing states (SIDS), can further enhance the impact of ADB assistance to public sector management in Fiji. The design of this reflected ADB's differentiated approach in SIDS, spreading reforms across complementary areas and government units while combining policy actions that introduce or advance policy and legal frameworks with those that support their implementation.

Project Number: 55116-001
Project Name: Sustainable and Resilient Recovery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The potential for success of any innovation cannot be established without taking risks.Taking the risk of an innovative program design that piloted the use of the policy-based lending (PBL) modality for contingent disaster financing (CDF)—for only the second time in ADB (following the Cook Islands’ Disaster Resilience Program) and the first time at the regional level—has led to significant success. It contributed to policy change and product innovation at ADB.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
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Lesson
A more systematic tracking of performance across countries, which could build on new assessment frameworks developed under the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) program in some areas of DRM, could enhance the innovations introduced by this program, particularly phasing of interventions and a differentiated approach that addresses the challenges of implementing planning, policy, and legal frameworks in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) and small island developing states (SIDS).

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing disaster risk financing (DRF) in participating DMCs is critical to reduce negative impacts on lives, livelihoods, and economic and fiscal outcomes. The program contributed to significantly higher pre-disaster financing, helping to partially fill gaps following a disaster event. Three aspects could be further explored. First, CDF was created for medium-scale disaster events that occur about every 3–10 years, whereas, in practice, qualifying events in the Pacific have occurred with greater frequency and led to higher levels of damages in certain countries.

Project Number: 50028-001, 50028-002
Project Name: Pacific Disaster Resilience Program (Phases 1 and 2)
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Lesson
Selection of the most suitable modality to support institutional development requires adequate consideration of the various factors intricately linked to it, including the prevailing political dynamics, incentive structures in public administration, and commitment of the relevant development agencies. In the case of this project, frequent changes in the senior management of the Erdenes Mongol jeopardized project ownership and seriously affected implementation.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) modality was effective. The CPRO program established a model for ADB to channel timely support to developing member countries to address major health and economic challenges. The speed of delivery, efficient implementation, and strong development impact achieved validate the success of this model, which can be deployed to further assist countries in their economic recovery.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Shock-responsive social protection mechanisms are effective in responding to the severe socioeconomic impact of global pandemics. Topping up existing benefits (known as vertical expansion) and using existing benefit delivery mechanisms allowed the government to respond quickly, ultimately reaching 80% of the population with cash support. This approach has also been adopted for pandemic response in other ADB developing member countries.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO modality is deemed relevant, appropriate, and efficient for this program, as it allows DMCs to address spending requirements for health, social, and economic measures in response to the pandemic. Discussions with the government to align the modality with response measures facilitated critically needed fiscal stimulus to better manage the immediate economic and financial shocks created by the rapidly unfolding COVID-19 pandemic and an overwhelmed health care system.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date: