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Lesson
It is critical for project design to include key activities and budget for the executing agency and implementing agency to be accountable for realizing the targets indicated in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). In this case, the DMF indicator for “report identifying and addressing constraints on achieving gender balance in senior hospital management” was canceled due to the absence of activities and resources planned at the project design stage to identify and address the gender parity issues in senior hospital management.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When debt servicing and repayment burden is placed on TVET institutions, as was the case under this project, the TVET insitutions should have a greater role in the project design and determining their liability

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is all right to have a project that focuses on a limited number of TVET institutions, but the project should describe their interlinkages with tother TVET institutions, including the private TVET institutions. Despite the project’s category C for indigenous peoples safeguards, ethnic minority participation rates increased significantly by 132%. The project should have described how this was achieved given the project’s strategic agenda to support inclusive growth and social development.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Proposing reforms during crises requires careful risks assessments, including in particular the likelihood of reforms being sustained, and well-prepared mitigation measures. It also requires an in-depth knowledge of the sector in the country through previous successful involvement and will demand intensive policy dialogue to be pursued after the crisis. These conditions, which were met by ADB for this overall project, were essential for the success of the project. Social protection and social assistance programs are politically sensitive.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project involving several ministries, the choice of the executing agency (or agencies) and the role of each ministry must be carefully assessed and discussed with the government and all concerned ministries.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Performing adequate risk assessment and identifying mitigation measures accordingly at appraisal, including sufficient stakeholder consultations, are important measures in ensuring smooth project implementation and readiness. Specifically, safeguards risk assessment would benefit from a thorough due diligence and analysis of project risks, which reduces the potential safeguards related issues, specifically with respect to land acquisition and resettlement compensation.

Project Number: 47281-001
Project Name: National Highway Network Development in Balochistan Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Thorough preparation of reliable and accurate cost estimates for each subproject is critical to help project implementation. Possible cost changes during implementation need to be kept within the acceptable threshold level and cost contingencies. Substantial cost overrun may lead to cancellation of critical project components.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong political will and commitment at all levels of government authorities have a decisive impact on the effective and efficient implementation of land acquisition and resettlement activities in the context of complex project situation. It is important for an executing agency to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and stakeholders to resolve identified issues on the ground. Monitoring of the implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan could start early to identify issues and find effective solutions in a timely manner.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
Report Date:
Lesson
If the project deals with a particular type of education institution (e.g., government-aided private schools), its representatives should bemore actively involved in designing and implementing the project.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for the cancelation of loan savings would be avoided by using realistic cost estimates during project preparation, as pointed out in the project completion report, is an appropriate lesson. However, this validation notes that the actual project cost was 28% lower than appraisal estimates, but the reduction in total ADB loan was 45%, i.e., from an estimate of $463 million to $253 million at program closing. The lower program cost reflected high-cost estimates, but higher counterpart funding was the bigger factor in the cancelation of the loan savings.

Project Number: 42039-033, 42039-036
Project Name: Power Transmission Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
The supporting technical assistance was assessed successful but was let down by the lack of institutional ownership, which can often be the case. For ADB’s future projects, it is important to focus more attention on the design and implementation of such assistance by closely following the consultants’ outputs and ensuring that the government is fully aware of their results

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A close coordination and efficient communication mechanism among agencies and project units that are part of the implementing structure is crucial for the timely identification of issues and resolutions. Adjustments in the detailed designs usually happen since issues or new findings arise at the actual sites. To resolve them on time, these issues need to be discussed by all agencies and units involved in the project. For instance, the introduction of the separation wall under this project was a new concept and could have been relayed to all relevant agencies and units in a timely manner.

Project Number: 36111-013
Project Name: Kulhudhuffushi Harbor Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effectively engaging and coordinating with other donor agencies can help avoid duplication of funds for similar purposes and maximize the use of development financing. The project was designed in coordination with other development partners to ensure equitable geographical coverage, avoid overlaps, and complement other ADB assistance to the country.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date: