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Lesson
It is critical for project design to include key activities and budget for the executing agency and implementing agency to be accountable for realizing the targets indicated in the design and monitoring framework (DMF). In this case, the DMF indicator for “report identifying and addressing constraints on achieving gender balance in senior hospital management” was canceled due to the absence of activities and resources planned at the project design stage to identify and address the gender parity issues in senior hospital management.

Project Number: 41243-012
Project Name: Fourth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has been at the forefront of social welfare reform in Mongolia. Continued engagement at the country level is key to further strengthening the system through improved targeting, consolidation of benefits, and improved financial sustainability. Although not the aim of the emergency assistance loan, the project highlighted the need for further reforming the system.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
This was the first ADB project in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sector in the PRC. A number of institutional issues related to financing TVET were neither fully known nor examined for leveraging sustainable development of the subsector in such a situation. The project should have been accompanied by a broader technical assistance to study and share the findings with the government, including enabling elements necessary for replication and/or upscaling in the PRC.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The education–employment linkages improve when both the demand for skills and their supply are strengthened together in a system.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
As was done in this project, drawing from other ADB experiences and lessons in other developing member countries is a good practice that needs to be encouraged and utilized more proactively. Such practices help strengthen ADB’s value-add and deliver quality programs and projects.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of technical assistance to support the project preparatory stage and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies enhances the quality of project administration. For example, building the capacity skill set of agencies on financial and procurement management prior to the onset of a project would benefit the timely execution of procurement activities and civil works. This helps in reducing any potential risk that could arise because of delayed start-up and/or implementation.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Thorough preparation of reliable and accurate cost estimates for each subproject is critical to help project implementation. Possible cost changes during implementation need to be kept within the acceptable threshold level and cost contingencies. Substantial cost overrun may lead to cancellation of critical project components.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 5 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
For rural development projects that require relatively longer-term interventions, building on progress achieved from past related investments and technical assistance and duly taking account of relevant lessons and recommendations can optimize project design and fast-track project implementation. In the case of this project, its design capitalized on the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies and Para (village) Development Committees strengthened through phase 1 of this project 1 and took into consideration a series of specific lessons from that phase.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for the cancelation of loan savings would be avoided by using realistic cost estimates during project preparation, as pointed out in the project completion report, is an appropriate lesson. However, this validation notes that the actual project cost was 28% lower than appraisal estimates, but the reduction in total ADB loan was 45%, i.e., from an estimate of $463 million to $253 million at program closing. The lower program cost reflected high-cost estimates, but higher counterpart funding was the bigger factor in the cancelation of the loan savings.

Project Number: 42039-033, 42039-036
Project Name: Power Transmission Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
The concept of level 2 design introduced under the Road Project Preparatory Facility is an effective strategy, particularly when there is no guarantee that the designed roads will be constructed immediately after preparation. This strategy minimizes the risk of outdated designs while saving time and other resources.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date: