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Lesson
Lessons learned from earlier interventions need to be incorporated during implementation. An earlier PPER for the Madhya Pradesh Power Sector Development Program implemented from 2002 to 2007 had highlighted the need to reduce AT&C losses by improving billing and collection efficiency and discouraging electricity theft by taking legal action against pilferers as a necessary follow-up to ensure financial sustainability.

Project Number: 32298-013, 32298-023, 32298-033, 32298-043, 32298-053, 32298-063, 32298-073
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Multitranche financing facility design, when appropriate, can also bring benefits to the rural poor. The MFF enabled augmentation of the transmission and distribution system. The energy supplied to consumers has increased by a factor of 2.3 in 13 years (Table 3). Through initiatives taken by the government, there was increase in supply to rural areas with more low-income households. The consumption in rural areas increased by a factor of 2.1 from 13,891 GWh in FY2012 to 29,180 GWh in FY2019.

Project Number: 32298-013, 32298-023, 32298-033, 32298-043, 32298-053, 32298-063, 32298-073
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility of multitranche financing facility design and process contributes to greater efficiency and harmonization of funds in the sector. As the MFF was implemented concurrently with several other initiatives to improve the state’s electrical distribution systems (para. 12), it was essential for each successive tranche to be specifically designed to fill gaps not covered by the various ongoing schemes to ensure the best use of the ADB loan funds.

Project Number: 32298-013, 32298-023, 32298-033, 32298-043, 32298-053, 32298-063, 32298-073
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Power Sector Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reassessment and careful choice of independent marker operator. The government should look carefully again at the need for an independent market operator (IMO). As far as the evaluation could ascertain, use of the Philippine Electricity Market Corporation (PEMC), which is not an IMO, has had no obvious adverse repercussions to date. This finding suggests that it could be counterproductive to force the pace of change to establish the IMO that the Electric Power Industry Reform Act and project design called for, and the government undertook to create but did not.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Time needed to deal with rights-of-way. Projects such as this one need to allow sufficient time to assess and address the issues in acquiring right-of-way. The project’s compensation and resettlement problems could have been resolved more quickly if those affected had been made better aware of the property valuation process and the impact the project would have on them. The project could have established a mechanism to deal with disputes, and local government institutions could have been engaged to help resolve them.

Project Number: 36018-013
Project Name: Electricity Market and Transmission Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For short periods these conditions are tolerable, but for a major outage such as that witnessed during the evaluation mission, these plans are inadequate. Losses to businesses due to outages included cancelled bookings at smaller hotels without backup generators, food spoilage due to no refrigeration, less customer traffic due to discomfort for patrons in the high temperatures, and inability to manage booking changes or take credit card payments due to inoperable electronic ticketing and payment systems.

Project Number: 40914-021
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Emergency power plans are outdated. An accident resulted in a 4-day power outage for Siem Reap. In times of grid outages, Siem Reap is served by EDC’s 10.5 MW diesel-powered plant combined with individually owned generator sets that run on diesel and fuel oil. Those who depend on EDC for power suffer rolling brown-outs, but the many people and small businesses that are not connected to the EDC plant and have no individual backup generators face total blackout, i.e., these people have no power at all, and often, no water.

Project Number: 40914-020
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Guardrails might mitigate against transmission line accidents. The CPTL line runs along regional highways on government-owned rights of way and by necessity the poles are close to the road. During the evaluation mission there was a vehicle accident that required 10 poles to be replaced. Although nobody was hurt in the accident and the coordinated CPTL–EDC emergency response plan was very effective, Siem Reap was without grid power for 4 days. One possible mitigation of such a risk might be guardrails along the road.

Project Number: 40914-019
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sponsors can identify qualified local maintenance providers. CPTL’s international maintenance provider departed with the majority shareholders and was successfully replaced with a local provider. If the project sponsors or project management teams are able to find suitably qualified local operation and maintenance solutions, costs to the project are likely to be lower and an important opportunity to create skilled jobs is created from the outset.

Project Number: 40914-018
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Controls over project cash flows and bank accounts protect project interests. The loan structure included strict controls over the project bank accounts. Bank accounts specifically dedicated to the CPTL project needed to be opened and maintained both outside the host country (the offshore account) and within it (the onshore account). All amounts payable to the project are required to be paid into the offshore account and may only be withdrawn according to the payment priorities and amount limits specified in the loan document.

Project Number: 40914-017
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional resident mission resources could aid in due diligence. Whether this dispute and its potential to disrupt the business could have been prevented through a change in due diligence procedures requires consideration, although the causes of the dispute itself are not clear. All existing due diligence requirements appear to have been completed, including checklists, and PSOD used an external consultant and included the resident mission in its due diligence process, even without a formal due diligence requirement to do so.

Project Number: 40914-016
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPTL project itself offers a meaningful demonstration effect. It was well constructed and delivered electricity on time and to agreed specifications, in turn allowing EDC to deliver electricity to its customers. Under the PPA, EGAT delivers electricity to EDC via CPTL as agreed. EDC meets its contractual payment obligations to EGAT and CPTL. EAC monitors tariffs and licensees, allowing project benefits to be passed on to the end-users in the form of lower tariffs.

Project Number: 40914-015
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term sector engagement facilitated the enabling environment. ADB’s long-term focus on energy sector development has contributed to the improving electrification rates in Cambodia. Since 1992, ADB’s country strategy for Cambodia has always prioritized the energy sector (in coordination with other donors, especially the World Bank, and aligned with government interest). These efforts contributed to the 2001 Electricity Law that codified the sector's regulatory agencies. Confidence in the regulator is a key element of private sector participation in the sector.

Project Number: 40914-014
Project Name: (Cambodia) Power Transmission Lines Co., Ltd., Power Transmission Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Experienced foreign investors in power generation have access to private sector technical insurance that sovereign entities may not otherwise have. This is important when technical problems arise that cause major shutdown of operations, as was the case of AKL due to a 2004 fire. Private sector insurance enables unforeseen technical problems to be fixed along with compensation to the insured for revenue loss due to the incident. Foreign investors can leverage important insurance that is often difficult for sovereign entities to acquire.

Project Number: 34912-014
Project Name: AES Kelanitissa Power Project in Sri Lanka
Report Date:
Lesson
Close examination and assessment of real capacity is necessary in analyzing economic and financial benefits for private sector power plant projects supported by ADB. Nameplate capacity needs to be considered in the context of a plant’s capacity factor. No power plant runs 100% of the time, and power plants, like that of AKL, that run on auto diesel fuel will need to shut down routinely for scheduled maintenance. Routine maintenance combined with unscheduled shutdowns lower actual net capacity.

Project Number: 34912-014
Project Name: AES Kelanitissa Power Project in Sri Lanka
Report Date: