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Lesson
The RCU could have been embedded within an established organization (e.g., an intergovernmental agency or nongovernment organization) or existing program with similar objectives to the CDC1. By hiring a consultant and housing the RCU independently, institutional capacity for coordinating CDC was not developed within these agencies, risking loss of momentum after project closure.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regional cooperation for CDC is a long-term prospect. As a first generation GMS project supported by ADB, the CDC1 project left behind a legacy of regional political commitment, trust, and familiarity among counterpart colleagues in Cambodia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, and Viet Nam countries, and knowledge products generated from Regional Coordination Unit (CDC1 and CDC2) -supported studies.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All three countries reported difficulty keeping up with the frequent changes in ADB’s procurement and audit requirements. This was compounded by the executing agencies’ difficulty in retaining qualified national staff for financial management, lack of in-service training from ADB, and limited support from ADB resident missions since the project was managed out of Manila.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of ADB project staff was an important element of the successful implementation of this complex three-country project. The same team of senior staff continued to guide the GMS CDC1 project though all stages from the concept paper, formulation, implementation, and writing of the PCR.

Project Number: 36672-012, 37604-022, 38017-012
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Objective quantitative assessment of benefits and costs may help in the setting up a mechanism for fair distribution of costs across countries. The IEM economic analysis indicates that the net present value of the project for the Lao PDR could be made positive if higher grant elements were used in the financing by the PRC and Thailand.

Project Number: 34231-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Northern Economic Corridor Project in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Report Date:
Lesson
An agreement for collective maintenance is an essential element for the sustainability of subregional road projects, such as this project. A mechanism needs to be devised for the costs to be shared in proportion to the benefits received by the stakeholders.

Project Number: 34231-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Northern Economic Corridor Project in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Report Date:
Lesson
An effective project implementation entity is important when multiple financiers are involved, in order to ensure uniform standards in the construction of the project road. For the ADB-funded section of the road, the Lao PDR government could keep track of expenditures and verify if timelines and guidelines are followed. This was not the case with the PRC and Thailand financed sections. For example, the PRC used its own design standards for the road without conducting any dialogue with the Lao PDR government.

Project Number: 34231-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion: Northern Economic Corridor Project in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Report Date:
Lesson
Baseline data collection is a priority. At appraisal and during implementation, greater attention should have been given to the design and monitoring framework, especially in establishing measurable indicators and their baseline values, and target values with a realistic time frame to achieve these goals. Higher priority should have been given to ensure that baseline data were collected prior to project implementation, and updated during project implementation and at completion. The absence of baseline data has made this independent evaluation of the project difficult.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing policy reforms entails a complex and long-term process of change. The legislation and policy measures that were enacted required fundamental changes to the roles of several concerned institutions. These types of reforms can take longer than anticipated, adding uncertainty to the realization of actual outputs and outcomes. The full extent of reforms, especially to institutional arrangements, may extend well beyond the usual administrative life of a project loan.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A greater level of upfront efforts in project preparation, particularly in the areas of preparing credible traffic forecasts and identifying road alignments, could pay large dividends. Mitigation measures identified in the RRP to address project risks were largely unsuccessful, and the project was subject to long time delays, problems with land acquisition and procurement, shortfalls in demand, and insufficient funding for maintenance.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective capacity building efforts are contingent on consistent supervision and support. High staff turnover among ADB’s project officers and district governments tended to hamper effective communication and rapport-building among stakeholders. Consequently, this disrupted efforts to promote decentralized basic education management. Means of effective transfer and sharing of knowledge through, for instance, continued training are imperative.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Good technological infrastructure at the school and district levels can help address concerns about data management. MONE has implemented the Dapodik online school database system. Schools are required regularly to submit data to this system. However, many schools do not have access to the internet to accomplish this task. School staff must also be capacitated to utilize this online database effectively. 102.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization of basic education can be bolstered through strong collaboration between MORA and MONE. To address the structural misalignment between MONE and MORA, the role of provincial governments in decentralized basic education should be strengthened, particularly in monitoring and evaluation. The Indonesian government appears to be moving toward intensifying the delegation of authority to provincial governments in basic education.

Project Number: 31137-013
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The phasing of cost recovery and measures to ensure sustainable operation and maintenance of tertiary systems should have been identified at the outset. Transferring management of tertiary irrigation and drainage systems to beneficiaries as a means for participatory water management was appropriate and in line with IWRM principles. However, the phasing of cost recovery and measures needed for WUAs to become sustainable should have been made clear at the outset. Measures for achieving full cost recovery should have been identified early in the implementation process.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Mechanisms for sustaining support services for dehkan farms should have been incorporated in the project design. Agricultural support provided to dehkan farms was limited to the duration of the project. No mechanisms were put in place to ensure sustainability of benefits beyond the project’s life. The activities of demonstrations farms were very helpful to dehkan farms in increasing productivity, but these were stopped after project completion. Further, most of these demonstration farms were distributed to individual and family dehkan farms after completion of the project.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date: