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Lesson
Based on this performance evaluation there are three lessons. First, efficient public financial management (PFM) systems are important to ensure timely disbursements. While the Philippines has made progress in PFM reform, it clearly needs to do much more to address the low disbursement rates typical in the first semester of each year. Measures implemented in 2009 helped to improve disbursements. The government is addressing these and in February 2011 announced its PFM roadmap.

Project Number: 43300-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
It was a challenge to administer the block grant mechanism for 50 BAWASDAs and Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah or Regional Parliament (DPRD) secretariats. All the BAWASDAs had to prepare institutional development plans (IDPs) for ADB approval in order to be eligible for grant funds. Subsequently, the BAWASDAs and the DPRD secretariats were required to coordinate with the MOHA-IG to ensure their budgets were included in MOHA-IG DIPA (the budget and the activities were prepared in accordance with the approved IDP). This process resulted in delays.

Project Number: 35144-013
Project Name: State Audit Reform Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the project met performance targets and indicators, substantive support was provided by the Investment Loan Monitoring Unit (ILMU) and the technical assistance (TA) consultants to help the Ministry of National Education- Inspectorate General (MONE-IG) implement the scholarship program. The support ranged from administrative to monitoring and evaluation, and quality assurance. As such, it was essential to have good coordination between BAPPENAS, as the executing agency, and the MONE-IG, as the implementing agency.

Project Number: 35144-013
Project Name: State Audit Reform Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Each year, the project encountered a delay in budget allocation or Daftar Isian Penggunaan Anggaran (DIPA) release, which resulted in delays in implementing planned activities. This could have been avoided if the government had allowed multi-year budget earmarking, given that the project was funded by a multi-year loan. Since this has been identified as a broad systemic issue affecting other projects, this is also being addressed in the Country Portfolio Review Mission jointly held by ADB and Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional (National Development Planning Agency) or BAPPENAS.

Project Number: 35144-013
Project Name: State Audit Reform Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Loan size determination. The projected budgetary financing requirement provides the rational for determining the loan size for budget support attached to a policy reform agenda, and it rests on unfunded fiscal �adjustment� costs of reform, including both recurrent and capital expenditures.

Project Number: 43496-013
Project Name: Social Services Delivery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Socially responsible budget. Rapid disbursements into a budget that is socially responsible and sound in macroeconomic terms provide an efficient channel for supporting sustainable and inclusive public spending, including social sector financing.

Project Number: 43496-013
Project Name: Social Services Delivery Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A major effort went into training compliance teams and developing compliance manuals used for spotted and reported noncompliance among the home owners. Employing a third party to monitor compliance directly at the household level may be the best way to get a comprehensive picture of the problems involved in the adaptation of seismic standards. Perhaps a greater focus on the ability of the compliance teams to provide on-the-spot solutions to home owners may also have yielded better results.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Reconstruction led by communities can be expedited if house design options take into account the local skills, materials, tastes, geography, and culture. Also, innovative money-saving building techniques need local acceptance to be sustainable, but this may require more time and effort devoted to training.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indonesia's fiscal stimulus package was successful because it included a mix of measures - including tax cuts, social spending, and labor-intensive small-scale infrastructure projects - and because effective and regular monitoring and reporting mechanisms were in place. The countercyclical support facility (CSF) loan would have been more timely if the facility itself was in place at the time the GFC (global financial crisis) began in the third quarter of 2008.

Project Number: 43317-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
Community involvement in owner-driven rehabilitation and reconstruction programs - through training, inspection responsibilities, and village committees - provides the human resources needed for major post-disaster housing reconstruction efforts. It also creates a greater sense of ownership, helps build capacity, reduce disputes and ensures the sustained use of seismic reconstruction techniques in the long term.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Efficient public financial management (PFM) systems are important to ensure timely disbursements. While Indonesia has made progress in PFM reform, it clearly needs to do much more to address the chronic problem of back-loaded spending in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. S

Project Number: 43317-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
In situ housing reconstruction prevents disputes and increases efficiency, but it does not allow for improvements in historic patterns of rural, village, or town development; nor does it make possible the consolidation of housing sites and services. There is thus a trade-off between efficiency and overall effectiveness. On the other hand, outsourced reconstruction that allows household relocation by a third party may be more effective, but much less efficient and sustainable.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Similarly, the release of the first three installments took less time compared with the release of the final installment. The last installment was associated with superstructure (above plinth level). Such works entail major seismic resistant components. Noncompliance during construction in this phase has resulted in delays in the release of the final installment. Future programs should build in rigorous monitoring and consultation to avoid or minimize substantial noncompliance in the final phase of reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The owner-driven, in situ approach to post-disaster housing reconstruction is efficient, but only partially effective in achieving the desired outcomes. This is mainly because ensuring uniformity in construction quality and seismic standards is a major challenge when serving large populations, irrespective of the levels of awareness and training of the home owners. This challenge can be partly addressed if there is real-time impact and outcome monitoring, as well as an efficient feedback-and-response loop during the reconstruction.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The reconstruction grants of PRs175,000 per household offered by the government was for 400 square foot area. This was substantially lower than the prevailing rates for the desired standard of seismic-resilient construction. About 60% of the rebuilt houses were 500-999 square feet. A pre- and post-earthquake comparison (footnote 10) showed that the overall proportion of houses with less than 1,000 square feet had increased from 65% to 80%.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date: