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Lesson
The risks posed by conditions for loan effectiveness and disbursements should be carefully assessed and considered in the project timeline. Project implementation was delayed by about 18 months as the conditions for loan effectiveness required the passage of appropriation bills in the National Congress and at least three of four state legislatures. Such projects can provide the required pressure for positive legal changes but can lead to startup delays.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate contract packaging, stakeholder involvement in project preparation, and reliable cost estimates are of particular importance to successful project implementation. This project encountered several weaknesses in design and preparation that made implementation challenging.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A unified bill covering both water supply and sanitation services provides a practical approach to improving the revenue stream for wastewater management. Compared to water supply; it is often harder to collect tariffs for wastewater management services. The local water supply company in Medan; the capital city of the North Sumatra province; has provided a practical solution to this by installing a unified billing system for water supply and wastewater management services.

Project Number: 39071-013
Project Name: Metropolitan Sanitation Management and Health Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultation with stakeholders during project design and implementation is especially needed to address the difficulties commonly arising from finding appropriate sites for solid waste and medical waste management facilities in urban projects. Due to lack of land and higher costs of construction than estimated at appraisal, it was not possible to construct the integrated waste treatment facilities, slaughterhouses, and medical waste management facilities planned under this program. These components were eventually dropped.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall project success depends to a large extent on the successful implementation of risk mitigation measures carefully identified at appraisal. Weak institutional arrangements and lack of ownership saddled the implementation of this program. A lack of capacity and coordination among different agencies compounded the difficulties. The difficulties could have been minimized or avoided through the timely implementation of risk mitigation measures drawn at appraisal. The measures should be based on a thorough assessment of all potential risks throughout the project period.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Immediately prior to project approval, a final assessment of the project environment can help identify potential changes or revisions affecting the implementation of subprojects and their components. While scope changes may be unavoidable, the challenge is to proactively identify areas of concern where project circumstances may have already substantially changed prior to implementation affecting coverage of subprojects or components. For example, the higher performance standards brought in after approval for the wastewater treatment plant impacted its financial sustainability.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The marginal financial viability of the project suggests the need for improved direct cost recovery over time. Tariffs under the project were estimated to average less than 1% of household incomes compared to an estimated 3%–5% in other regional countries, indicating the potential for affordable adjustments. Higher tariffs would not only improve the financial viability of such investments but also encourage private sector participation in the sector.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the timely provision of counterpart funds reduces unnecessary implementation delays that could potentially lead to changes in project scope. Securing the financing and arrangements of counterpart funds at the outset avoids prolonged implementation of project activities. Specifically, adequate risk assessment of financing constraints and commitment of borrowers is essential for a more effective and smooth implementation.

Project Number: 42011-013
Project Name: Wuhan Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurable targets in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) for projects that are expected to have a demonstration effect should be identified to track and measure the investment’s influence.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
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Lesson
Planning for efficient resource use in advance adequately addresses the situation when the full output cannot be delivered

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely resolution of involuntary resettlement and land acquisition issues helps avoid delays in project implementation. Oftentimes, land acquisition issues encountered by the executing agencies impede the timely implementation of procurement and civil works. Ensuring the safeguards’ requirements on land acquisition and resettlement, prior to execution of project activities, could mitigate these related project risks due, for example, to potential grievances of affected people and communities

Project Number: 45506-002
Project Name: Gansu Jiuquan Integrated Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Lack of project readiness can seriously deter project implementation. The project completion review of tranche 1 indicates that the project was not ready for financing. During preparation of the project, the towns of Marneuli and Zugdidi were replaced by Kutaisi, Poti, and Ureki because of changing government priorities and the planned development of a seaside resort at Ureki. This necessitated a major change in scope that delayed project startup. Additional time was also needed for capacity building and to increase awareness of the project among the IA staff.

Project Number: 43405-023
Project Name: Urban Services Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual mission and online meetings were conducted to ensure continued ADB technical support and monitoring of project implementation, which could be widely applied in the future, especially during periods of travel restriction.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close monitoring of and prompt responses to policy changes ensure smooth implementation and compliance to covenants. During project implementation, the executing agency took prompt action to change the scope of the project when one of the original subcomponents was not in compliance with the new issued development plan. This enabled the project to avoid compliance issues and be carried out smoothly.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Signing of loan agreement is essential to achieving project readiness. To avoid possible risk, the executing agency did not start the project implementation, including the detailed design for civil works, until the loan agreement was signed on 6 February 2013. That slowed project implementation progress in the early stage. In the future, ADB needs to convince the counterpart to enhance project readiness.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date: