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Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure can provide efficient infrastructure improvement support on a larger scale. Although the project completion report indicated that these types of projects should contain fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden, the report confirmed the efficacy of the project. Therefore, to provide large-scale infrastructure, it may be preferable to finance a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure, such as a multitranche financing facility.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial intermediation loans, which can be used to finance the investment plans of enterprises, need to be supported by TA to build the capacity of participating banks and enterprises to achieve the intended development results.

Project Number: 39229-022
Project Name: Agriculture and Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated program approaches as well as long-term planning. The phased approach taken by this program proved most appropriate, allowing the step-by-step construction of various flood and riverbank erosion management (FRERM) structures while verifying innovative solutions and, in the process, strengthening state and local institutions.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Maintaining the capacity built through similar projects or establishing knowledge transfer could extend the sustainability of project activities and increase the likelihood of achieving expected impacts. The long-term usefulness of the capacity that was built must be further considered. Closer linkage between the participants in TA trainings and the infrastructure activities could have encouraged participants to apply their newly built capacity within the project.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Exploring the potential for private sector participation in the project helps improve project results further. For instance, during project design stage, the private sector’s role in the purchase and processing of the products is an alternative that could strengthen complementarities with the public goods provision. More attention to private sector participation could be looked into in similar future projects.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given a project area with a high proportion of ethnic minorities, active engagement of targeted beneficiaries in design and planning helps in providing incentives for them to take part in the project activities. Hui minority was involved during the preparatory and implementation stages of the project, which helped them to have better access to improved irrigation systems and up-to-date farming techniques.

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of the range of alternative modalities helps strengthen the project formulation phase. In the case of this project, this type of assessment could have examined the merits of a project investment vis-à-vis a sector loan in the choice of the modality. If this project had been formulated as a sector project, each of the diverse candidate subprojects would have been analyzed prior to investment, allowing those that were economically unviable or potentially damaging (from an environmental or social point of view) to be dropped and substituted by more viable ones.

Project Number: 43049-013
Project Name: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The TCR lesson is not clearly articulated as a lesson. In finalizing this validation report, the NRM rephrased the lesson and provided additional information: ADB’s continuing support remains essential in pursuing policy reforms and building government capacity in project implementation. A TA for $500,000 under the Food Safety and Agriculture Commercialization Program will support the government in meeting the second tranche policy actions.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Having a very successful and efficient small-scale TA activity that fulfills the needs of country partners and sets the stage for long-term strategic planning can catalyze subsequent larger-scale investments that scale-up and more fully implement the TA inputs. With a relatively short duration (implemented over approximately 19 months), and a modest budget ($0.42 million USD disbursed), the TA successfully provided important TA support for the country partners. Following the completion of the TA, the country partners were interested in a follow-up project.

Project Number: 50012-001
Project Name: Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources
Report Date:
Lesson
It may be possible for the private sector to finance a scale-up and expansion (e.g., through sponsorship of conferences) if this sector perceives some profit or other incentives to participate.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
Other countries that have similar issues could cofinance knowledge-sharing events to learn valuable lessons for their own countries’ policies and practices.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
More feedback—provided by the EAER beyond the information provided in the TCR—stated that from central to local provinces, the GEP was widely adopted through either domestic finance or other development partners’ support.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB financed at least two TA projects that are aligned with this TA, potentially indicating a form of follow-on financing. One lesson here could be that ADB broadly believed in the validity of the approach and was aiming to sustain and strengthen it through additional TAs. This, however, requires further information to confirm it.

Project Number: 48469-001
Project Name: Developing Gross Ecosystem Product Accounting for Eco-Compensation
Report Date:
Lesson
Strategies and plans supported by the TA project should include an assessment of the financial and resource implications of proposed reforms and or new institutional changes, and recommendations on strategies for financing the proposals. These plans, policies and/or strategies should include mechanisms for ongoing M&E of financing during implementation of any institutional changes proposed under the TA project.

Project Number: 46257-001
Project Name: Strengthening Integrated Water Resources Management in Mountainous River Basins
Report Date: