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Lesson
Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning. Improved institutional coordination and harmonization of land degradation policies, legislation, programs, and budgets is needed. Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning of IEM strategies and plans ensure that complex problems related to land degradation control are addressed following a participatory approach and that government agencies, private sector agencies, and local communities have a clear understanding of their delineated tasks and responsibilities.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed design engineers and supervision and implementation consultants should be recruited in advance of project approval, to increase project readiness. The project implementation schedule should be realistic.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported reforms only in the 24 participating tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs). The provincial government was expected to undertake reforms and address capacity gaps in all the other TMAs (52 in all). This arrangement seriously isolated the reform process. Sector loan projects should assess the political will, capacity, and incentives related to policy actions at all levels before building the support and incentives mechanism for reforms.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The consultants under the loan were hired through quality- and cost-based selectio (QCBS). The staff remuneration in the bids was inadequate for good-quality staff. The level of effort and the skill set specified in the request for proposal (RFP) also did not match the complexity of the assignment. Similar issues encumbered the RFP for the nongovernment organizations (NGOs), allowing generally weak firms to submit bids that could not fully appreciate the tasks ahead.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Acceptance and application of integrated ecosystem management (IEM). The IEM approach is highly relevant to combating land degradation in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and is a significant departure from traditional practices and therefore, requires time to become fully accepted. Good progress to date suggests that the full 10-year period, as originally designed, will be required.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of several community development subprojects owned by beneficiary groups was considered an issue during implementation. However, except for a few specific technical support requirements, the beneficiary groups assumed responsibility for activities such as the maintenance of small irrigation and power tiller schemes. Besides, several group members also gained access to micro-credit through the project. The Palli Karma Shahayak Foundation (PKSF) or other NGOs may further expand their microenterprise activities in the CHT after the project.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of nongovernment agencies (NGOs) at appraisal would have ensured timely implementation of the project. Given the community mobilization as a prerequisite for all interventions, and the problem of political interference in selection of NGOs through competitive bidding, single-source selection at appraisal should be preferred.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional capacity building for establishing an enabling environment. For IEM to be effective and successful, cooperating and collaborating institutions and sectors must be supported by IEM knowledge and skills for policy making, planning, legislation, and joint management of the environment and natural resources. Joint and effective management of environmental and natural resources requires improving the capacities of cooperating and collaborating with government institutions for combining top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project schedule was unrealistic for a complex project that relied heavily on existing capacity and several up-front conditions before the subproject investments. The scheduling of complex sector and policy loan projects has to be improved and streamlined on the basis of actual implementation experience.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in implementation ensue when components are clustered in a project. Further, clustering discourages ownership of project outputs. Combining harbor development with coastal conservation delayed project implementation considerably because the activities are not complementary.

Project Number: 31287-013
Project Name: Coastal Resource Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measures ensuring government commitment to implement institutional development and provide counterpart funds should be carefully reviewed and tied to the release of funds.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Where WUAs are expected to participate in designing irrigation and drainage schemes, it is important that they be established in advance of the design process to ensure ownership.

Project Number: 32494-023
Project Name: Agriculture Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of a credit line was an effective implementation modality. Significant advantages from longer loan periods, grace periods, and fixed interest rates during a period of high and rising interest rates and markedly lower capital availability supplied a definite demand. The use of fixed interest rates during the current period of declining interest rates has, however, increased the requests for early repayment.

Project Number: 34023-012
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed payments to contractors adversely affect implementation. ADB and the government should work together to ensure timely disbursements.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The rural roads improved under the project generally established all-weather connectivity between remote communities and growth-center markets and other important centers with economic, health, and educational facilities. Nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and other government service providers could also reach rural remote inhabitants more easily.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date: