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Lesson
The sequence of reforms in the policy matrix was such that all substantial results could be achieved only after the completion of second tranche actions. In addition, liberal assessment of compliance allowed the release of the first tranche without achieving much toward sustainable outputs. More result-oriented sequencing of policy actions for the first tranche could have achieved some sustainable improvements in social service delivery.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Another lesson arises from the novelty and innovation of the project - a higher priority should have been placed on social marketing and awareness raising among potential partner institutions and students, to ensure broad-based demand and a strong supply of market- oriented courses. There is great potential for self-sustainability in this model if its management is outsourced or it is transformed into a corporate entity, but inclusion of social marketing will be key to its success.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Competitive selection of beneficiaries. The competitive approach used in the selection of beneficiary schools (i) proved effective in identifying schools with committed management and supportive communities; (ii) fostered a strong sense of ownership among the school's stakeholders: and (iii) encouraged a cooperative effort among the school board, school management, teachers, and parents in identifying priority needs and corresponding improvement programs.

Project Number: 40049-013
Project Name: Rural Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The dependence of reforms on proposed legal provisions should be analyzed. Both the development of the national curriculum framework and the decentralization of education could not be implemented fully because the legal provisions were not in place.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34207-013
Project Name: Northwestern Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given provincial and district capacity limitations, a Program focusing on a single sector would have had a better chance of success. Sustained support in one sector can be less demanding for both the government and ADB. Multi-sector policy reform interventions involving governance reform are difficult to manage, and a new system of local political governance imposed by the federal government added further complications.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project involved the establishment of an entirely new platform of learning, with investments in hardware and software and including creation of partnerships with institutions that were to develop their course content into online distance learning format. This constituted a major step toward a new concept of learning. There is a risk that the system will eventually collapse unless it is put on a sound business and strategic footing in the near future.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Benchmarking education quality reforms with international and regional best practices, is important and could have contributed to strengthened reforms.

Project Number: 34022-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More innovative cost sharing arrangements should be developed to ensure that very poor local government units (which find it difficult to provide counterpart equity) are not hindered from participating in programs similar to SEDIP.

Project Number: 25182-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Development and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity in the executing and implementing agencies was expected to be built through the accompanying TA loan. Program outputs like developing sector strategies, implementing expenditure tracking and service delivery surveys, training communities to manage and monitor social service delivery, and other outputs critical to achieving Program outcome depended on effective technical assistance (TA) loan administration. However, executing agency capacity to administer the TA loan was inadequate.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality assurance can be further strengthened by complementing a component that verifies the quality of the product such as a national licensure examination system. The quality of education and training at the higher education institutions varies widely; it is better in the major cities, as indicated by the number and accreditation levels of the study programs. The project supported the strengthening of the Board of National Accreditation for Higher Education and the establishment of quality assurance units to ensure the quality of the study programs.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutionalizing linkages between educational entities and industries nationally and at the higher education institution level can be a good practice. For example, by having a forum through which employers can give advice on national and institution specific policies, plans and programs. Linkages between educational entities and industries by way of collaboration in curriculum design and partnerships in job orientation programs were observed during the IEM. However, the extent varies depending on the higher education institution.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The policy of selectively allowing private higher education institutions to access government funds on a competitive basis as block grants rather than as loans is an efficient investment. This was based on the performance of the private higher education institutions. However, outcomes would be maximized if the components of assistance have mutually reinforcing or synergistic effects. Providing at least a minimum scale of assistance to fewer beneficiaries produces better results than spreading the resources thinly among more beneficiaries.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Higher education institutions may also consider looking into strengthening English proficiency. This would include assistance to improve performance in the Test of English as a Foreign Language—not only for future dealings or links with foreign universities and polytechnics, but also as a predeparture intervention for those going abroad, whether for an overseas degree fellowship or for work.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The competitive-based funding through block grants is a useful mechanism to upgrade the quality of higher education by promoting transparency and accountability, and building a strong sense of ownership among higher education institutions. This mechanism is found to be effective which has been adopted by other development partners, and national and local governments.

Project Number: 31081-013
Project Name: Technological and Professional Skills Development Sector Project
Report Date: