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Lesson
More confusing were the frequent changes in the ADB administration of the project. During the project's 3.5-year life span, the administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division via the Governance and Finance Division to the Pakistan Resident Mission. This was detrimental to the continuity of interaction with the KPK government.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
A well thought out conceptual design is a key to the success of any project. In this case, the project design had commendable objectives, but it seems that the commitment and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies was overestimated, and there was too heavy a reliance on consultants. Due to lack of capacity and interest by the executing and implementing agencies, sector reforms did not get the traction that was aspired to.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Holistic approach. The project design, which simultaneously strengthens three pillars of support the line ministry (MInistry of Education or MOE), the school, and the community proved to be a good model for future education projects.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the main strengths of the project was the continued presence of the same project management in the project management unit (PMU), who were selected and appointed on a competitive basis.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation efficiency of the program was constrained by the late recruitment of the Technical Assistance Management Agency (TAMA), and the lack of recruitment of local support groups. The TAMA was meant to mobilize about 4,000 person-months of consulting services. The local support groups were expected to be mobilized in each district for 3 years to enhance capacity. For the majority of program implementation, these tasks became the responsibility of ADB and the program support unit (PSU), albeit with insufficient resources, which negatively affected implementation efficiency.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Application of training to real situations. The in-service training provided participants with new ideas and skills. Combined with the provision of new textbooks and teachers' manuals written in line wit the methodological training, this has provided teachers with concrete opportunities to practice and develop their skills further.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the government project documents (PC-Is) and inconsistencies between the PC-Is and the report and recommendation of the President are perennial problems that result in slowing down the pace of project implementation.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The risk assessment of political resistance to devolution was not sufficiently robust, and mitigating measures were not realistic. The design should have been revised to address political resistance to implementation of the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 (PLGO). Failure to do so undermined program implementation. Another significant design flaw was the multi-sector and ambitious scope of the program. This observation was also raised by the executing agency (EA) during the program completion review mission.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The focus of the EA and PSU was on implementation of the policy matrix. Considerably less importance was given to the loan covenants. The PSU indicated that it would have recruited local support groups if it had been a condition in the policy matrix; however, since it was not a tranche condition, the PSU did not feel compelled to comply. This was also the case with covenants related to social sector expenditures and conditional grants, which were key covenants for ensuring improved social sector performance.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Before a complex and innovative project is designed, particularly in a relatively less- developed region such as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, it is necessary to have thorough consultation with stakeholders directly involved with the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) system to develop realistic activities.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Feeder roads, large drinking water supply, and surface water diversion schemes cannot be classified under the umbrella of participatory small-scale infrastructure, as these schemes require specialized technical skills and high operation and maintenance costs. In the future, these should be classified as government-managed medium-scale infrastructure subprojects.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should be more proactive to ensure full compliance with the loan agreement and adherence to ADB procedures relating to procurement of goods and consulting services.

Project Number: 34160-023
Project Name: Education Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sense of ownership at the higher level. Developing a strong sense of ownership at the higher level of the hierarchy is as important as developing it at the ground level.

Project Number: 37175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to include maintenance components for new systems and facility renovations to ensure the sustainability of project outputs. The project initiated several new monitoring systems and supported renovation of health and education facilities. Since it often takes time for staff to understand the usage of new systems and facilities, 6 to 12 months of maintenance services are required to support the gradual shift of maintenance responsibility to the national and state governments.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date: