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Lesson
Providing for continuous consulting team leadership, by an international team leader along with a national deputy team leader, is advisable for efficient project management. The lack of continuous leadership under Education Sector Development Program II to some extent hindered the effective implementation of some project activities. [Main text, para. 59]

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder support is essential for increasing awareness and acceptance of technical and vocational education and training (TVET). To ensure the sustainability of the project's achievements, the government must provide continuing financial and human resources support to increase awareness and acceptance of TVET, particularly in the form of career guidance and social marketing.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The establishment of a dynamic labor management information system would have been useful in gathering relevant information for guiding the employment sector councils in identifying high demand occupations and developing competency-based skills trainings that are demand driven. Also, such as a system would have provided important information to support policy-related decision making, planning, and interagency cooperation and coordination and helped determine and quantify project achievements.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An important lesson is the importance of integrating project funds and activities into government processes, wherever possible. The separation of Decentralized Basic Education Project funds for districts from district government budget mechanisms weakened the link between district education development plans and the annual budgeting process, and made district capacity building less effective.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Supervision of procurement could have been stronger. ADB's project procurement-related review cited potential conflicts of interest, inappropriate prequalification, misleading and incomplete contract documentation, payments not accompanied by adequate documentation, lack of proper evidence and onsite inspection reports accompanying progress payment claims, and poor retention of contract documentation by the school support committees and school construction committees. [Main text, para. 58]

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project framework was not stressed sufficiently by ADB during loan implementation. As a result, the government and the central facilitation unit were not fully aware of all of the objectives of the project. Further, as district project management teams were under considerable political pressure to accelerate the implementation of project activities, the project came to be viewed primarily as a funding mechanism and the emphasis on district capacity development tended to be lost.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong construction supervision and monitoring systems are vital in education projects that emphasize civil works. The quality of school construction and furnishings was a continual concern during project implementation, stemming from inadequate monitoring and enforcement of quality standards. Lower secondary school construction relied on a community participation modality manual prepared by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, but there was no orientation or training for community members that enabled them to monitor the construction process.

Project Number: 34388-013
Project Name: Second Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The relevant stakeholders (i.e., various ministries, agencies, employers, training providers, youth, parents, schools, and communities) are often unaware of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and its various features and components, and continued efforts to bring them onboard must be made through interagency cooperation and coordination, workplace visits, and promotional campaigns in schools and communities.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Development of textbooks and related teaching aids needs to be meticulously synchronized with the new curriculum development in order to avoid any delays and lost time.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, this validation emphasizes that institutional capacity building is critical in monitoring and evaluating the project. Policymakers need to be able to monitor the results and impact of the intervention in order to track the success of a reform project. ADB should continue working with the government to support the education sector reforms in Uzbekistan.

Project Number: 36510-013
Project Name: Second Textbook Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Upfront work is needed to use the sector lending modality. Project management flexibility provided to the borrower or executing agency may negatively affect project implementation and, consequently, the achievement and sustainability of project outcomes.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation could have been improved with appropriate interagency coordination and support on civil works design and supervision. Following the restructuring of Public Works Department in the early phase of project implementation, a new mechanism was required to ensure proper supervision during subproject design and construction. As the midterm review for the ESP II noted, an education ministry cannot be expected to have the technical resources for this purpose.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Studies of affordability and the cost and efficiency of school operations and community appreciation of economic issues were needed. The IEM's school survey highlighted the thin spread of limited resources across the formal education system, which was also noted in the 2006 National Human Development Report for Samoa. Undertaking economic analysis of the education sector with examination of affordability issues would encourage policy development toward a more efficient use of resources such as specialist teachers and modern educational technology, including computers in schools.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Aid harmonization was difficult due to procedural issues. Lessons from the ESP PCR regarding harmonization of external inputs were applied to the ESP II under a sector-wide approach. While progress in harmonization of aid arrangements has been recognized in the recent evaluation of the implementation of aid effectiveness principles by the Government of Samoa, the funding agencies and government partners noted continuing problems, as arrangements require them to conform to ADB procurement systems, which are difficult to apply in a very small island country.

Project Number: 30175-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sequence of reforms in the policy matrix was such that all substantial results could be achieved only after the completion of second tranche actions. In addition, liberal assessment of compliance allowed the release of the first tranche without achieving much toward sustainable outputs. More result-oriented sequencing of policy actions for the first tranche could have achieved some sustainable improvements in social service delivery.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date: