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Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Combining finance sector development and financial inclusion under an umbrella framework enables a finance sector reform program to address both supply and demand to further develop the sector. The program as originally designed was to include two subprograms. Technical assistance, provided to help the government continue the reform measures adopted in subprogram 1, was key in supporting many of the reforms programmed under subprogram 2, even as the government elected not to proceed with a second loan. Nevertheless, government elected not to proceed with a second loan.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transition of PWWs into independent corporate entities requires adequate preparation to ensure they have the capacity, technical and financial management skills, and resources for viability and sustainability. To support this transition, the PMU adopted a phased and practical approach, implementing vital actions with training and technical support. The PWWs developed business planning and financial reporting systems and adopted supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The PMU has identified the first PWWs that are considered ready for the next step as a corporate entity.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As school graduates compete for employment opportunities with students from other states in India, it is the comparative quality of education that determines their access to jobs and likely benefits from the project investments. Hence, focus on education quality should be a requisite in designing similar projects.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building in TVET needs to go hand-in-hand with industry progress as employment of TVET students is directly influenced by industry trends and capacity. Complementary elements, such as the purchase of equipment and training of instructors on the equipment, should be arranged more successively to allow the implementation of subsequent phases to proceed more seamlessly. Greater focus is needed in engaging the private sector to better understand the trends in hiring and updating of curricula and learning materials.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-term training courses have many advantages that make them more preferable than longer bachelor- and masters-level courses. The project colleges' management, teachers, and trainers expressed their preference for short-term training courses over the longer bachelor- and masters-level courses the project provided. This reflects their desire to receive specific subject training that can be achieved in more focused and shorter courses.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consideration of the legal and administrative contexts of projects and the need for participatory democratic processes is a must to ensure that the timelines for achieving compliance with tariff-related reform covenants are not ambitious, as the case with this project.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Source sustainability issues leading to disruptions in the water supply and contributing to increases in nonrevenue water and infrastructure leakage index consequently impact service delivery and monitoring.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
New products can benefit from market and demand analysis that provide a basis for designing products that are responsive to the needs of the market. The introduction of take-out financing under this project did not benefit from such analysis. Uptake for take-out financing as designed under Tranche 1 was low. This highlights the role of market and demand analysis that provide valuable inputs in designing and introducing a new financial product that is responsive to market demand.

Project Number: 42180-016
Project Name: Third Public-Private Infrastructure Development Facility (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Results-based lending (RBL) is effective in strengthening government systems and fostering a whole-of-government approach to education reform. The Department of Education and education sector benefitted from the extensive engagement and discussions with oversight agencies on specific program results areas. The agencies provided a wider perspective on government financing, resource programming and prioritization, development planning, and program or project evaluation.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring the continuity of reforms until they are fully rexecuted requires the Implementation of a medium-term program framework, strong government commitment, and extensive consultation and engagement of key stakeholders. This program was designed when the massive K–12 reform was rolled out. The reform’s full Implementation was envisioned to go beyond the administrative tenure of Department of Education that initiated it.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Safeguard actions required for non-RBL projects are largely unsuitable for RBL programs, and this needs to be considered to improve the safeguard system assessments and categorization of future RBL programs. While safeguard concerns were satisfactorily resolved in the program, some actions in the safeguard action plan were more appropriate for a typical investment project than for an RBL program. For example, the safeguard action plan indicated the disclosure of environmental documents of senior high school classroom construction.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out project communications plan, backed by local capacity building, is needed for the successful implementation of projects in FSM. Information is often not widely shared in the FSM, and securing support for reforms can be particularly complex in this context. The Chuuk Public Utilities Corporation was able to effectively carry out its communications and outreach activities and secure support for reforms with the help of a well-defined operation, maintenance, and management contract. Project delays affected the momentum of activities in the other three states.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date: