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Lesson
An alternatives analysis during the appraisal phase could help inform on identifying project alternatives in terms of feasibility of various technical options, and the scale as well as timing of investments. In the case of this program, there were competing views on Ulaanbaatar’s transport sector development. Such an analysis could help enhance buy-in among key stakeholders on the most appropriate alternative to pursue.

Project Number: 39256-023, 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility andTranche 1)
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Lesson
It is prudent to consider providing project implementation support through a better-staffed consulting to mitigate existing capacity gaps in project agencies. At project appraisal, ADB identified the executing agency as having limited experience with ADB projects; yet it was made responsible for leading project performance tracking by the proect implementation unit (PIU), with the support of only two individual consultants for a short term. Changes in government exacerbated the lack of leadership and management capacity of the PIU.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely and appropriate changes in scope and reallocation of loan and grant proceeds responding to actual project needs emerging from implementation can help utilize available loan and grant resources in a more targeted and efficient manner to facilitate more activities and deliver more outputs. For example, responding to the government’s request relating to E35 contributed directly to developing an efficient and safer transport corridor between Islamabad, Faisalabad, and Multan for more connectivity between the various parts of the country.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
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Lesson
For rural development projects that require relatively longer-term interventions, building on progress achieved from past related investments and technical assistance and duly taking account of relevant lessons and recommendations can optimize project design and fast-track project implementation. In the case of this project, its design capitalized on the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies and Para (village) Development Committees strengthened through phase 1 of this project 1 and took into consideration a series of specific lessons from that phase.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
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Lesson
Strong political will and commitment at all levels of government authorities have a decisive impact on the effective and efficient implementation of land acquisition and resettlement activities in the context of complex project situation. It is important for an executing agency to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and stakeholders to resolve identified issues on the ground. Monitoring of the implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan could start early to identify issues and find effective solutions in a timely manner.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
Report Date:
Lesson
At project appraisal, staff turnover in government agencies including project implementing units (PIUs) was identified as a risk. It could have been prudent for the resident mission to provide insight into mitigation measures based on experience in other ADB projects and those of other development partners, particularly in ensuring proper repository of project documents to facilitate the efficient transfer of project responsibilities to new PIU staff.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
Completion of project activities relied heavily on consultant inputs without coordination with specific departments in the executing and implementing agencies to enable capacity building and integration. Implementation arrangements during project design could have identified departments whose purpose aligned with the project initiatives to ensure sustainability upon project completion

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence for future projects should include developing a thorough understanding of the institutional setup and internal review and approval procedures as well as mapping out effective mitigation measures to minimize delays. This project's implementation was affected by cumbersome approval mechanisms at the executing agency (EA) headquarters for contract variations and extensions. Frequent interventions by ADB and EA top management were required to expedite decision-making.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
The engagement of experienced personnel with the ability to decide on crucial matters is indispensable to the successful implementation of projects. While there are limited financial and human resources in Tonga, the government tries its best to achieve and sustain project outputs through its recurrent budget. Implementation of key project outputs such as the CCTF and SMAs was eventually achieved.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to tailor impact indicators to what the project can realistically achieve in relation to wider development goals. Two project impacts selected at inception—(i) an increase in per capita electricity consumption from 2,000 kWh (2013) to 3,000 (2023), and (ii) an increase in annual electricity supply from 6,300 GWh (2013) to 15,000 (2023) cannot be linked directly to an increase in substation capacity and SCADA expansion. As such, no reliable assessment can be made on the project's accomplishment relative to these indicators.

Project Number: 46416-002
Project Name: Power Transmission Rehabilitation Project
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Lesson
Resource constraints can impede the participation of smaller firms in ADB procurement as well as hinderCapacity development of counterpart agencies. Smaller firms struggled to respond appropriately in some bidding processes, which resulted in their being considered ineligible to participate. The project implementation unit experienced resource constraints, which hindered sustainedCapacity development throughout the project and the participation of outer islands officials in the training activities.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of project outcomes is closely linked to the commitment and ability of the EA and IAs to provide funding for continued operations after project completion. This commitment is largely in place with the one main concern relating to the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF). Having an experienced fund manager to assist the CCTF board and secretariat in managing and operationalizing the CCTF, while the project was still ongoing, would have been beneficial.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent discussions with beneficiaries during project processing and implementation are a must to resolve issues promptly and amicably and avoid unnecessary delays. Under this project, some schools stopped construction, as the beneficiaries felt that the initial design was not appropriate.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Benefits linked to better utilization of data generated by successful initiatives need to be systematically built into or embedded in efforts to replicate these initiatives. The special management areas (SMAs), showcasing an initiative to increase the ability of coral reefs to recover after climate-related events, are undoubtedly a success story. It has been adopted and implemented nationwide by other development partners.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date: