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Lesson
The importance of ex-post monitoring as results of policy-based loans are expected to fully materialize after implementation period. In this regard, mechanisms, such as the post-program engagement framework , established as part of program design allows for monitoring of results over the longer term and helps in promoting sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
At project appraisal, staff turnover in government agencies including project implementing units (PIUs) was identified as a risk. It could have been prudent for the resident mission to provide insight into mitigation measures based on experience in other ADB projects and those of other development partners, particularly in ensuring proper repository of project documents to facilitate the efficient transfer of project responsibilities to new PIU staff.

Project Number: 45010-002
Project Name: Skills for Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing EAs proactive guidance and close support in financial management from project start to finish will ensure timely and quality compliance. HPPTCL, executing its first ADB loan, faced initial challenges in meeting financial management-related requirements. However, these challenges were overcome as the project progressed, resulting in improved compliance.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to enhance project readiness and request the executing agency (EA) to take advance action during the project processing phase. Early-stage implementation pf this projecty was delayed because the EA did not take any advance action to implement before the loan agreement was signed. As a result, the loan closing date was extended for 18 months.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The engagement of experienced personnel with the ability to decide on crucial matters is indispensable to the successful implementation of projects. While there are limited financial and human resources in Tonga, the government tries its best to achieve and sustain project outputs through its recurrent budget. Implementation of key project outputs such as the CCTF and SMAs was eventually achieved.

Project Number: 46351-002
Project Name: Climate Resilience Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The envisaged institutional arrangements for safeguards need to be fully functional from commencement to the closure of projects. This would allow the safeguards performance of projects to improve, as was the case with the environmental performance of this project which improved over time, with increased monitoring and coordination by the project staff.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Participatory approaches and stakeholder consultationsresult in widely accepted programs with a high potential for success. The design of the stipend program in this initiative followed extensive consultations and technical workshops with technical and vocational education and training (TVET) institutions, as well as development partners active in TVET. As a result of this participatory and collaborative approach, the stipend rate and disbursement mechanisms were widely accepted.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder relationships need to build on established mandates and be insitutionalized to effectively contribute to and ensure project success. The project benefited from local project management offices (PMOs) building effective relationships with key stakeholders in the road safety ecosystem, including traffic police and education bureaus. Although successful, this approach relied on relationships among different agencies to implement a safe system approach without any mandate.

Project Number: 46042-002
Project Name: Shaanxi Mountain Road Safety Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The economic downturn triggered by COVID-19 pandemic presented an unmet opportunity for the project . Additional stipend funds could have enabled the enrollment of unemployed youth in TVET institutions. This would have transformed a period of low economic activity into a skills development opportunity. A recommended strategy is for the borrowing government to earmark funds in an escrow account, ensuring continued disbursement to beneficiaries after project closure by ADB.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Zero changes in project staff and implementation arrangement contribute significantly to smooth project implementation. The key staff of the project management office and implementing agencies remained unchanged throughout the project preparation and implementation periods. This, along with the absence of any scope changes, ensured smooth implementation of the project. The experience can be repeated in future projects through appropriate institutional measures and project implementation arrangements.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate documentation, including irretrievability and non-updating of project documents, reduces the level of scrutiny possible during project completion review and subsequent evaluations. Discrepancies in project assessments and progress reports, which tend to obscure actual results, make it difficult to establish project performance across the results chain. Non-availability in English of important documents, such as tracer studies, impedes the depth and comprehensiveness of project completion reviews and other evaluations.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs and IAs commonly perceive the low-cost option as the preferred option. However, in the case of consultant selection and civil works contractor selection in thisproject, this perception was debunked by poor contractor performance and issues with payment.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Time overruns could occur because of (i) the introduction of a new contracting modality that require longer lead time and stronger staff capacity, (ii) rebids due to the termination of nonperforming contracts, and (iii) challenges in the management of contractual disputes.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation arrangements are critical to the success of projects. Initial implementation progress under this project was mixed: while output 2 was progressing according to schedule, outputs 1 and 3 were not. At ADB's instance, the implementing agency (IA), the Baise University instituted reforms in the implementation arrangements, with the Vice President of the university replacing the project leading groups.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efforts to train EAS and IAs in ADB procurement procedures will do little in developing institutional procurement capacity with the persistence of staff turnover in these agencies. In this project, frequent turnover of key staff members prevented the training from reaching all those responsible for developing requests for proposals, formulating evaluation criteria, and reviewing bids against the criteria. Consequently, procurement capacity remained low.

Project Number: 47009-002
Project Name: Guangxi Baise Vocational Education Development Project
Report Date: