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Lesson
Knowledge gained from projects needs to be shared to optimize benefits. The knowledge developed through the project—the groundwater protection engineering and non engineering measures—would be beneficial if made accessible and promoted to key stakeholders. The recording of data on groundwater mitigation, water reservoirs, river and embankment protection, and wetland benefits should be maintained.

Project Number: 47047-002
Project Name: Shandong Groundwater Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective knowledge transfer requires adaptation to local context and the participation of stakeholders in the design and preparation of the necessary materials and documents.The project supported the development of manuals and guidelines (e.g., corporate plans, landfill operation guidelines, public–private partnership guidelines). However, preparation of the documents had minimal participation from key stakeholders and there was limited communication to explain the documents to intended users.

Project Number: 43316-012
Project Name: Pakse Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For TA requiring knowledge product publication, the Department of Communication and Knowledge Management, ADB needs to be consulted early in TA implementation. This would have helped prevent TA implementation period to be extended by 8 months partly to ensure the quality of the knowledge product.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
A longer implementation is required for complex TA projects. The TA was designed to support the development of a new economic corridor development (ECD) framework and operational guidelines that apply to the Central and West Asian countries and beyond. Taking lessons from other long-term ECD-related TAs, the TA could have been designed for a longer time frame from the start, with a more realistic timeline for completion, given the complexity of the ECD and the COVID-19- related constraints. A regular TA, instead of a small-scale TA, could have been a better option.

Project Number: 54423-001
Project Name: A New Operational Economic Corridor Development Framework for Central Asia and Beyond
Report Date:
Lesson
A centralized and unified real-time web portal expedites the execution of all project processing and decision-making pocedures, and is an invaluable asset to the successful implementation in this day and age. The lack of coordination among various branches across the different zones of India hampered the operations of the tranche 1 project. A beta version of a unified central web portal for the entire investment program that was put in place was not able to minimize the operational hurdles faced by PNB, due to the lack of institutionalization across all branches.

Project Number: 49419-002
Project Name: Solar Rooftop Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need to cancel subprojects and faster decision-making on project scope changes could shorten the extension of project implementation periods. This project's completion date was extended twice for a cumulative period of 3 years from the original completion of 31 December 2018. The first extension was until 31 December 2020 for the utilization of loan savings across different subprojects, necessitating a minor change in project scope that could have been shortened had the request for the scope change been made earlier.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexibility in project design is required to respond to changes in subproject scale and adapt capacity support to the changing needs. This project was implemented across eight provinces, with significant differences in the size and scope of provincial waterworks (PWW) subprojects and local capacities. A flexible design was crucial to its successful implementation.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely processing of changes in scope, implementation, and disbursement arrangements strengthen implementation and enhance project relevance.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Well planned and logically sequenced policy actions are crucial to maximizing impact of reform programs and ensuring the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
As was done in this project, drawing from other ADB experiences and lessons in other developing member countries is a good practice that needs to be encouraged and utilized more proactively. Such practices help strengthen ADB’s value-add and deliver quality programs and projects.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Performing an adequate level of due diligence and risk assessments at the early stage of project preparation increases the quality of project design and readiness. For example, preparatory work for procurement planning and administration of abnormally low bids (e.g., prequalification of bidders) supports and better streamlines the procurement process and avoids substantial changes in a project design and scope.

Project Number: 44483-023, 44483-024, 44483-026, 44483-027
Project Name: Second Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 2 Road Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date: