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Lesson
TA implementation could be more challenging due to the involvement of different stakeholders. For future similar TA projects, it is recommended that ADB consider direct financing and independent administration. This will put implementation and consultants’ recruitment under project team control.

Project Number: 54265-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Solidarity Fund for Kazakhstan
Report Date:
Lesson
Cofinancing expands possible project activities and outputs. Cofinancing from the Financial Sector Development Partnership Special Fund (FSDPSF) for this project allowed a more comprehensive set of deliverables and activities under outputs 1, 3, and 4. It provided flexibility in the use of resources, as FSDPSF beneficiaries are not differentiated according to country categories.

Project Number: 53198-001
Project Name: Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region
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Lesson
Cofinancing can create conditions for the continued engagement of partners. The TA established partnerships with government agencies, domestic research organizations and universities, and private sector, which helped enrich the project content and developintegrated solutions. The cofinancing from Government of Japan's High-Level Technology (HLT) Fund helped mobilize an international firm with advanced technologies (earth observations and ICT) and good in-country experiences.

Project Number: 53035-001
Project Name: Sustainable Fodder Management
Report Date:
Lesson
Designation of an alternate TA team leader despite resource constraints is necesssary to ensure seamless project continuity and institutional knowledge transfer. It will also mitigate potential disruptions caused by staff turnover.

Project Number: 54344-001
Project Name: Supporting the Establishment of a CAREC Regional Infrastructure Projects Enabling Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Successful resource mobilization is crucial for the implementation of energy projects. The TA experience highlighted the need to identify and gather multiple donors for cofinancing both physical and non-physical investments.

Project Number: 44184-012
Project Name: Afghanistan and Turkmenistan: Regional Power Interconnection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Designation of existing consultants to higher positions and responsibility levels may be explored to fill vacancies during implementation. There were two changes to the team leader position. The first was due to the resignation of the specialist because of an unexpected urgent assignment from his hiring university. The consultant recruited as the replacement team leader was not capable of performing the role. Instead of going through contract termination and recruitment process again, the TA team appointed the national simulation specialist, who had demonstrated strong leadership.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
Report Date:
Lesson
Frequent review missions are crucial to overcoming implementation challenges. The TA was administered by staff located in head office with good support from the Pakistan Resident Mission. However, ADB staff assignment changed during the TA implementation period; and the limitations and delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic induced challenges to consultant management and client interaction. Frequent review missions significantly helped address these challenges.

Project Number: 51249-003
Project Name: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Water Resources Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Post-TA financial resources should be sought and considered in order to implement the recommendations made, based on the in-depth diagnostic studies completed for Nepal and Cambodia under the TA. These recommendations will require financial contributions for the effective implementation of an adapted, coherent, transparent, and equitable property tax for all.

Project Number: 54076-001
Project Name: Strengthening Property Tax Management to Enhance Local Revenue
Report Date:
Lesson
Responding to the government’s changing needs and external factors could cause delays in the delivery of expected TA outputs particularly capacity building activities. Furthermore, organizational restructuring of revenue agencies, as well as frequent turnover of counterpart staff meant that capacity building was constantly in repeat mode. Addressing these issues could lead to efficiency gains and could help the government reach key performance targets quicker.

Project Number: 53105-001
Project Name: Strengthening Tax Policy and Administration Capacity
Report Date:
Lesson
Trust funds and cofinancing can play a crucial role in supporting innovation and high-level technology transfer, which may not happen without such support due to limited ADB internal TA funding. Therefore, it is important that project teams pay more attention to effectively promote visibility and raise awareness of cofinancier contribution and support to ADB TAs and projects.

Project Number: 53054-001
Project Name: Smart Energy System for Mongolia
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of organizational capacity and requisite implementation skills also weighs heavily against the attainment of project objectives. Another major reason for poor performance of the PNB was its inability to scale up individual subloans through either the Renewable Energy Services Company (RESCO) or demand aggregation of smaller subprojects, be they in the commercial and industrial sector, MSME, or residential sector.

Project Number: 49419-002
Project Name: Solar Rooftop Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The risks associated with single-tranche loans can be mitigated through proper management of the loan proceeds and control of the project cost. The ADB loan was featured to have a single tranche disbursement arrangement to address currency mismatch and hedge financial risks arising from foreign borrowing. In the early stage of project implementation, the full amount of the ADB loan ($90.8 million) was disbursed as an advance and exchanged to local currency.

Project Number: 41682-039
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Phase 2 Project
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Lesson
It might be useful to develop a climate finance strategy for the state-owned enterprises(SOE) sector, building on the experience and lessons from this program's. Assessment of the fiscal risks associated with climate change was incorporated into subprogram 2. This highlights the significant role SOEs can play in addressing climate change impacts and supporting the countries climate obligations. Given this, it might be useful to establish a climate finance strategy for the SOE sector, building on the experience and lessons from this program.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
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Lesson
Additional measures are necessary for the government securities market to stimulate demand from both retail and institutional investors. The program had several supply-based reforms, particularly around the primary dealer system and government bonds; however, turnover velocity was below the target, particularly for the secondary market relating to government securities. This would suggest that additional demand-based measures are as of December 2023 required for the government securities market to stimulate demand from both retail and institutional investors.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Apart from offering concessional interest rates,ADB and China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) could explore providing enhanced value-added services for ongoing and future financial intermediation loan initiatives in air quality improvement or climate change programs. The global economic slowdown dampened enthusiasm for green investments, while the rise in euro interest rates and the reduction of yuan lending rates since 2022 presented additional challenges for green financing eligible subprojects within the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

Project Number: 50096-002
Project Name: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region—China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project
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