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Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Political instability and security issues have a significant impact on project implementation and the ability to meet timeframes. These and other external factors need to be considered during the design stage especially to map out more realistic and achievable timeframes. Risk mitigation measures should be agreed upon with participating countries during project appraisal.

Project Number: 52070-001
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Regional Energy Cooperation
Report Date:
Lesson
With strong justification and available financing in place, government-proposed adjustments to output components during implementation can help ensure a project's continued alignment with evolving government strategies. This can also deliver more outputs that contribute directly to achieving the project's outcome and generate greater social and economic benefits. In this case, following the government's new policy on poverty reduction, the provincial and county governments proposed to resurface all the 1,200 km roads connecting lower-level village roads.

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence for future projects should include developing a thorough understanding of the institutional setup and internal review and approval procedures as well as mapping out effective mitigation measures to minimize delays. This project's implementation was affected by cumbersome approval mechanisms at the executing agency (EA) headquarters for contract variations and extensions. Frequent interventions by ADB and EA top management were required to expedite decision-making.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
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Lesson
Actively engaging key government agencies can provide the much-needed oversight and intervention to facilitate the timely and effective resolution of design and implementation issues emerging from project implementation, especially those that ADB will have extremely limited control over. The borrower and executing agencies coordinated with security forces to grant consultants’ permission to enter army-controlled areas, ensure their security and safety, and arrange basic facilities for them. Such facilitation minimized delay in preparatory work.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The governments' internal review and approval processes and executing agencies' limited prior experience in ADB-financed projects and unfamiliarity with ADB procurement procedures were major contributing factors to the substantial startup and implementation delays experienced by this project.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
The impact of the cross-border facility (CBF) in the project completion report. Data on traffic and trade flows in and out of Cambodia can provide a before and after assessment. This helps in determining the impact and benefits of improving a CBF.

Project Number: 43309-013
Project Name: Provincial Roads Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efficient arrangements, including adequate resources, expertise, and workforce, enable effective implementation and monitoring of gender activities. Encouraging gender-equality results achieved under various program interventions consistently guided the project functionaries and staff in implementing gender considerations concurrently with all project activities. The gender-equality approaches in this program can be replicated in future rural road projects.

Project Number: 48266-002, 48226-004
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country's railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to a private bank for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth and timely implementation of the land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 37487-013
Project Name: Zhengzhou–Xi'an Railway Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition should be embedded in transport policies. As of 2022, the Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program (PMGSY) was being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, geometric design is being compromised. These locations may become accident black spots. Thus, policy amendment is needed in cases where sufficient land for improvement is unavailable voluntarily; permission should be granted for acquisition of land.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
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Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in government may require a new or additional round of capacity- and awareness-building. The national election in 2012 resulted in a change in the government and subsequent appointment of new directors and staff in the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF), the project executing and implementing agency. Therefore, additional time had to be devoted to build capacity and awareness with respect to the project.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Overconservative cost estimation during the implementation of the multitranche financing facility (MFF) tranche projects may reduce the funding availability for other investments and result in low utilization of the approved MFF amount. Tranche 2’s actual total cost was $64.97 million, 60% of the budgeted amount, and ADB’s loan disbursement was only 61% of the committed amount.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Viet Nam’s procurement law prohibits executing and implementing agencies from issuing bidding documents until capital resources for the packages have been allocated. The procurement for complex projects may take more than 1 year from bidding documents’ issuance to contract awards. Applying ADB’s advanced actions can mitigate this procurement risk.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date: