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Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
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Lesson
ADB’s participation in a country-driven program, by bringing knowledge and experience in addition to financing, catalyzes interest and cofinancing from other development agencies. This program was a critical element for enhancing the entire ecosystem of housing financing and mortgage market, helping lay thegroundwork for diversified funding and private sector involvement.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
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Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The existence of a national sector strategy that serves as a blueprint to identify progress and near-term and future reforms needed to grow the sector is another reason for the suitability of the PBL programmatic approach. Government coordination and ownership of reforms articulated through a series of national sector strategies are necessary to ensure that financial sector development is based on predetermined steps, with each one supported by interagency coordination to achieve broad support for reforms.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
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Lesson
Adequate consultations with local populations throughout the project cycle are a must especially when land ownership is ambiguous and no outstanding land compensation cases are identified.Local populations forcibly entered the two HPP project sites demanding compensation for historical events, in one of which sites, violence was used. The historical events were not identified by due diligence, which concluded that there were no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement impacts.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
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Lesson
Federal transition is a work in progress. As of 2023, Nepal continues to build and evolve its institutional structures as it operationalizes federal structures. Hence, the design and Implementation of a program supporting large sector programs such as the School Sector Development Plan (SSDP) Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) need to be flexible while maintaining a balance between ambitious and incremental results.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
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Lesson
It is imperative for the federal government to recognize the diversity in local government needs and provide minimum enabling conditional grants that improve education outcomes. The school education-related federal grants that went to local governments after 2018 were largely conditional and required flexibility to align with local governments’ education needs.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO was a highly effective pandemic response and reform program, which ADB can build upon to help accelerate the structural reform process it has been supporting in Georgia. The CPRO provided Georgia with a useful and effective tool in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. It was prepared with unprecedented speed and supported the priorities identified by the government in its COVID-19 response program.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of sex-disaggregated data remains to be a challenge in Georgia and this needs greater attention in ensuing programs in the country. The collection of sex-disaggregated data to support CPRO design and implementation was challenging, hindered in some cases by the emergency situation, and in other instances, by the limitations in government databases. This highlights the need for ensuing programs to carefully evaluate and identify the appropriate gender indicators in ensuing programs.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Targeted and medium- to long-term assistance in key sectors is particularly critical for Georgia to sustainably recover from COVID-19 impacts. There is opportunity in crisis that, if taken advantage of expeditiously, can lead to significant beneficial measures. In the case of Georgia, the depth of the crisis that led ADB and other development partners (DPs) to offer a large rescue package illustrates what can be achieved under crisis situations.

Project Number: 54191-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The innovative septage management option piloted by the project appears to be widely implementable in Nepal. A grant from the Sanitation Financing Partnership Trust Fund supported the piloting under this project of a non-sewered sanitation option that included the construction of fecal sludge treatment plants in two towns. Successful implementation of the pilot, coupled with sector wide advocacy and information dissemination, has led to wider interest in fecal sludge management (FSM) across Nepal.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
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Lesson
The country’s restructuring affected GESI institutional structure adopted through GESI operational guidelines and requires revision of GESI operational guideline to align with federal structure. Although MOUD has instituted GESI operationally, other structures do not exist after restructuring of MOUD and its department to align with the country’s new federal structure.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
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Lesson
Implementation of reform agenda. Many public resource management reforms related to taxes or concessions, as in the SPBL, have political and economic implications and are often difficult to undertake without strong ownership. The SPBL implementation success resided in (i) a good understanding of the vested interests, (ii) the institutional capacity of government agencies, (iii) effective partnership and coordination between ADB and the government, and (iv) a strong sense of appreciation for the overall benefits of the program.

Project Number: 53247-001
Project Name: Economic Stabilization Program
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Lesson
Economic Reconstruction Agency has been headed by senior officers of the state government, to the benefit of decision making and interdepartmental coordination. A senior official with strong government support is essential.

Project Number: 41116-023
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 1)
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Lesson
Continued budget transfer from the state to the line departments for the O&M cost is necessary for sustainability until the line departments can recover the O&M cost through its operation.

Project Number: 41116-033
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 2)
Report Date: