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Lesson
Results-based lending (RBL) is well suited if it is embedded in a wider government-owned and led program. It can be an effective modality for achieving both physical outputs and nonphysical goals. It can also make changes in national policies that go beyond the project’s physical scope. The climate risk assessments, procurement processes, and beneficiary selection criteria used in this program were also applied in non-ADB financed provinces. The instructions issued and policies adopted by the government were “national”in nature and impact.

Project Number: 50022-002
Project Name: Affordable Rural Housing Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is particularly important for complex sector development programs to (i) better plan the completion timeline, (ii) avoid linking performance indicators to multiple targets, and (iii) include in the project scope components that will address major beneficiary needs (house service connections in this program) that would enhance program relevance. The weak institutional capacity of implementing agencies and water source sustainability affected the project’s effectiveness and sustainability. The gender equality and social inclusion design could also have been better aligned.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Efficient arrangements, including adequate resources, expertise, and workforce, enable effective implementation and monitoring of gender activities. Encouraging gender-equality results achieved under various program interventions consistently guided the project functionaries and staff in implementing gender considerations concurrently with all project activities. The gender-equality approaches in this program can be replicated in future rural road projects.

Project Number: 48266-002, 48226-004
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Early engagement with provincial governments can contribute to identifying and avoiding delays due to land acquisition issues. Based on the experience of forcible entry by local communities into two HPP sites, new projects are emphasizing the role of social safeguards and early consultation of local populations. The positive experience of engaging with the provincial government, which contributed to the eventual delivery of the Divune HPP under tranche 1, can serve as a lesson for future projects.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB and its consultants should review the historical performances and previous challenges of similar projects when preparing implementation schedules at approval. The Tranche 1 project included a highly optimistic implementation schedule. The Tranche 2 project was also overly optimistic, although to a lesser extent. Several challenges in procurement, land acquisition, and construction led to significant delays.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Analyzing and disseminating the results of assessment tests on the benefits derived from this program, e.g., expected higher earnings of senior high school graduates are essential to inform interventions that will sustain the gains under the program.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Setting a high job placement target to qualify for the final milestone payment can can create a negative incentive for training providers to inflate the training costs so as to cover for all their costs regardless of whether or not they meet the job placement target. This lesson, arising from a similar project in Nepal, was heeded by the tranche 1 project that lowered the job placement target from 70% to 60% to ensure that the training providers do not to lose their focus on job placement.

Project Number: 42466-015
Project Name: Skills for Employment Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB may need to consider greater flexibility to allow an extension of the availability period of loans under the multitranche financing facility, where deemed appropriate. Because of various delays, the investment program's availability period was extended to 10 years and ended on 24 November 2020. Government requests to extend the availability beyond 2020 were declined by ADB.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Safeguard actions required for non-RBL projects are largely unsuitable for RBL programs, and this needs to be considered to improve the safeguard system assessments and categorization of future RBL programs. While safeguard concerns were satisfactorily resolved in the program, some actions in the safeguard action plan were more appropriate for a typical investment project than for an RBL program. For example, the safeguard action plan indicated the disclosure of environmental documents of senior high school classroom construction.

Project Number: 45089-002
Project Name: Senior High School Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A simpler project and phased implementation need to be considered in future similar interventions to allow for sufficient time and attention to the design of subprojects and monitoring arrangements. The feasibility study for the Warangoi hydropower plant proposed short-term works (i.e., constructing a river training wall) and long-term works (i.e., further river retraining and diversion) which were contingent on hydraulic modeling. However, the modeling was not carried out despite water stream measurement being a loan covenant.

Project Number: 41504-013, 41504-023, 41504-025
Project Name: Town Electrification Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
With the project's investment in improving wastewater treatment, solid waste management and recycling, an opportunity arose to establish and impose full cost recovery tariffs and charges for these activities. Appropriate tariff studies could have been undertaken and with recommendations for replication in other towns.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close coordination is required to ensure high utilization of project-financed assets. The executing agency is responsible only for the construction, installation, and commissioning of transmission assets, as required by the National Dispatch Center, while the utilization of assets is the responsibility of the National Dispatch Center. Although the utilization of assets built under this project is satisfactory at present, the executing agency is not aware of the future planned level of utilization.

Project Number: 49214-002
Project Name: Solar Transmission Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated program approaches as well as long-term planning. The phased approach taken by this program proved most appropriate, allowing the step-by-step construction of various flood and riverbank erosion management (FRERM) structures while verifying innovative solutions and, in the process, strengthening state and local institutions.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Land acquisition should be embedded in transport policies. As of 2022, the Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program (PMGSY) was being implemented with no land acquisition. Where land is required, only voluntary-based possession is allowed. If sufficient land cannot be pooled on a voluntary basis, geometric design is being compromised. These locations may become accident black spots. Thus, policy amendment is needed in cases where sufficient land for improvement is unavailable voluntarily; permission should be granted for acquisition of land.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: