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Lesson
Inappropriate stakeholder selection can create complications and challenges during implementation. The main issue during implementation is that the executing agency is not the owner of the toll road project, placing it in an unsuitable position to lead in identifying the sections for financing. Although revising the implementation arrangement by involving DGH as the implementing agency was a measure taken to address the issue, it turned out not to be sufficient.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
Report Date:
Lesson
The identification of appropriate executing agency and implementing agency is essential for achieving the intended outcome and output targets. In this project, the Directorate General of Highways (DGH) should have been involved and appointed as the lead agency in identifying suitable sections for financing.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
Report Date:
Lesson
A long list, covering all possible risks, needs to be considered in developing the risk monitoring framework. This is essential to ensure the monitoring toolkit is replicable for implementation in any other toll road projects. Development of institutional knowledge on the toll road sector is also deemed necessary for successful replication of this TA.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
Report Date:
Lesson
Knowledge sharing and capacity building through workshops facilitate better understanding of stakeholder capacity and capacity building needs.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
Report Date:
Lesson
It is imperative to include the resident mission staff into the TA team to facilitate seamless coordination with TA counterparts throughout processing and implementation, especially across different agencies. Such coordination was effective during processing, but it became less so in the later stage of implementation.

Project Number: 54396-001
Project Name: Trans Sumatra Toll Road Risk Monitoring
Report Date:
Lesson
Close engagement with government agencies is essential and so is partnership with subregional governmental cooperation organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The TA was initiated to assist DMCs’ aviation sector recovery from the global crisis. Due to the urgent need, there was inadequate engagement with stakeholders during the design and planning phase. Specifically, there was less public sector involvement compared to private sector.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Post-publication knowledge sharing events are critical for the dissemination of knowledge generated by TA projects. Involvement of industry resource persons has value addition. Utilizing various platforms including social media will maximize knowledge sharing and dissemination.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful selection of competent experts and close consultant monitoring and coordination is essential to ensure the quality of TA outputs. As the two consultants engaged by this TA needed to work on separate topics to deliver one report, close monitoring and coordination by the ADB team proved critical to the timely attainment of consultant deliverables. Regular meetings were conducted to oversee progress, give guidance, avoid preventive abortive work, and deliver quality outputs.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
For TA requiring knowledge product publication, the Department of Communication and Knowledge Management, ADB needs to be consulted early in TA implementation. This would have helped prevent TA implementation period to be extended by 8 months partly to ensure the quality of the knowledge product.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
While the shift to renewable energy generation has occurred, and although 20% is the target, much more is needed if costs are to be lowered further and contributions to greenhouse gas reductions can be achieved. Higher targets are needed for renewable energy in the future.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The indicators for measuring the accomplishment of the program can be further improved by identifying more precise indicators. For instance, in addition to approval dates of policy-based actions, the inclusion of simplified monitoring and reporting arrangements under the indicative program monitoring framework should be considered as appropriate.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of expected losses from health-related national emergencies must be considered in the program design of contingency disaster financing given the experience in COVID-19. Because health is now a part overall hazard, this will somewhat provide a quick guide in fund disbursements in case of such occurrences.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustained engagement is critical for the successful completion of reform programs. This program benefited from the government’s strong ownership of sector reform. However, it also made the reform program susceptible to changes in policy directions and strategies, especially with changes in political leadership. As an example, renewable energy tariff mechanisms changed multiple times during the program period.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date:
Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
Report Date: