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Lesson
Lessons from previous projects. Lessons from two older ADB urban sector loan projects to Karachi in 1986 and 1991, respectively, which were rated unsuccessful and partly successful, include the need for (i) greater attention to sustainability, (ii) enhanced project design based on sound assessments, (iii) careful consideration for institutional shortcomings of executing and implementing agencies, and (iv) greater efforts to address the financial insolvency problems of the Karachi local government bodies.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For the sake of efficiency of resources, similar works should be packaged into bigger contracts suitable for international competitive bidding and more efforts is needed during the prequalification and bid evaluation stages to ensure that the selected contractors are fully familiar with the country norms and practices.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Market-level compensation is necessary to attract and retain competent staff at PMU, PIUs, and vodokanals.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Local government counterpart funding should not be included in future projects because such funds were invariably delayed which resulted in implementation delays.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Specifications for operation and maintenance (O&M) equipment should be prepared in consultation with the relevant agencies.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultants should be fielded early in project implementation.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
More capacity building needs to be provided to the staff of project management units (PMUs) and project implementaiton units (PIUs), particularly during early stages of implementation.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Initial implementation delays can be reduced by completing more works during project preparation such as (a) preparation of request for proposal for consulting services, (b) approval of feasibility studies by the government, (c) preparation of tender documents for the first contract package; and (d) advance actions for the procurement of consulting services or construction contracts.

Project Number: 33548-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The decentralized approach introduced during implementation contributed to strengthening the capacity of PIUs and speeded up project progress. PIUs demonstrated their abilities in implementing, supervising, and monitoring physical activities, as well as in managing civil works contracts. As a result, the project implementation was expedited at around midterm and caught up to schedule despite the delays in early stages of project implementation.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project's geographical coverage posed a major challenge to monitor subproject implementation in 12 project towns located all over the country from the northern tip (Phongsali) to the south (Samakkhixai). Particularly during rainy season, it was time-consuming for project coordination unit (PCU) staff and consultants to travel to the project towns, as well as for personnel from UDAAs and project implementation units (PIUs) to attend meetings and workshops.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the limited time and resources under the project, capacity building for urban development administration authorities (UDAAs) focused on construction management and supervision, operation and maintenance (O&M) of infrastructure and of sanitary landfills, and exchange of lessons among UDAAs. Various workshops were organized on these topics for managerial staff, accountants, and engineers of UDAAs. By strengthening core capacities, the project created momentum for continued support of long-term capacity building to enable UDAAs to provide quality public services.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The community's involvement in various project activities and its interactions with the government and project staff greatly enhanced the sense of ownership. Community participation and contribution was the key to successfully completing the village upgrading subcomponent. This was evidenced by the fact that the actual community contribution of $206,000, mainly in cash, exceeded the estimated amount of $200,000 expected at appraisal to be mainly as labor.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The consultants under the loan were hired through quality- and cost-based selectio (QCBS). The staff remuneration in the bids was inadequate for good-quality staff. The level of effort and the skill set specified in the request for proposal (RFP) also did not match the complexity of the assignment. Similar issues encumbered the RFP for the nongovernment organizations (NGOs), allowing generally weak firms to submit bids that could not fully appreciate the tasks ahead.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A major reason for the delay in project start-up was the variance between the report and recomendations of the president (RRP) and the government's PC-1 planning document. Draft RRPs and PC-1s for a project should be shared between ADB and the borrower well before loan approval.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project schedule was unrealistic for a complex project that relied heavily on existing capacity and several up-front conditions before the subproject investments. The scheduling of complex sector and policy loan projects has to be improved and streamlined on the basis of actual implementation experience.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date: