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Lesson
As a pioneer in Sichuan Province in applying software to manage road projects, Sichuan Panxi Expressway Company Limited (SPECL) developed a construction management and administration system as the main tool managing major project implementation activities. Under the system, tripartite management of project fund application, disbursement, and supervision was established between the employer, contractors, and the local commercial bank.

Project Number: 32334-013
Project Name: Southern Sichuan Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction and enforcement of local regulations on sanitation and environment protection was not supported by the project nor included as a covenant. Although the introduction was still achievable, enforcement would need support from the project.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project outcome and outputs need resource allocation. The identification and procurement of small-scale sanitation improvements was not carried out through community participation as intended, but directly by provincial project management units (PPMUs). The strong investment focus and the PPMUs� lack of knowledge about community-based approaches should have been identified as risks and mitigated by the project design through resource allocation.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
PVWU experience sharing is beneficial to effective implementation. Although guidelines were provided for the sanitation revolving fund, each PVWU had the flexibility to implement it differently. Sharing of experiences, especially at the beginning stages, could have contributed to a more streamlined and effective implementation of the community environmental sanitation improvement (CESI) program.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sanitation credit scheme requires an exit strategy. The project foresaw the establishment of a sanitation credit scheme, financed by the project through a grant from the central government. However, it did not address what should happen with the grant money and potential revenues once the project was completed. This lack of clarity has made Provincial Viet Nam Women�s Unions (PVWUs) reluctant to continue the program by revolving the first batch of repaid credits and expanding it to other communities outside the original project area.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Nonrevenue water (NRW) reduction indicators need to be versified. Expressing the NRW levels in liters lost per connection per day, demonstrates a large variation in results. The best performing systems in terms of NRW ratios--NRW reduction targets are defined as the ratio of unbilled production versus total input capacity in m3/day--are not necessarily the lowest in absolute terms. To get a fundamental idea on actual performance, NRW results should at least be reported in ratios and absolute terms.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Water supply and sanitation coverage indicators need to be simplified. Monitoring coverage ratios requires the monitoring of two independent parameters: physical outputs and population growth. Sometimes this is complicated by a change in delineating the service area of the utilities. Nominal targets are therefore easier to monitor than ratios and are equally functional for assessing achievements.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate monitoring indicators are required. A project framework or design monitoring framework should list SMART (i.e., specific, measurable, acceptable, relevant and time-bound) indicators that, as much as possible, are part of the specified agencies� established monitoring program, such as number of connections, water produced etc. Introducing new indicators should be accompanied by a strong support program because if agencies do not see the benefit of monitoring certain indicators, they will be unwilling to pay for collecting the data, such as the health indicators in this case.

Project Number: 28315-013
Project Name: Third Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Poor quality of the project framework, which lacks clearly identifiable performance indicators, preventing a robust evaluation.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Specifications for the use of coal in asphalt plant. The two cases where low-quality asphalt pavement resulted from the use of inappropriate coal as fuel for the asphalt mixing plant burners indicate a need to develop specifications and exercise stringent supervision when coal is to be used as fuel.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Premature road failure caused by overloaded vehicles. The government has not yet developed and implemented a more effective policy to control vehicle overloading. Local initiatives are more easily implemented and achieve significant results. Also, DGH is reviewing its policy of designing roads on the basis of legal axle load limits and considering other options such as designing roads on the basis of actual axle loads. For the near term, such initiatives should be strongly encouraged.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Contingencies. The physical and price contingencies were inadequate, in particular given the extensive design changes required for a number of subprojects, the expected increase in the scope of rehabilitation works over time as the roads continue to deteriorate further, and the significant unit price adjustments resulting from the fuel price increases.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Recruitment of supervision consultants. Delays in contract signing were a factor behind the decision of the consulting firms to replace the initially proposed experts, including the team leader. Although the replacements had to have the same qualifications as the people they replaced, consulting firms in such a situation generally propose less-qualified replacements.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequacy of designs for works in difficult soil conditions. For the reconstruction of road sections in difficult terrain and soil conditions, the initial designs were not based on adequate geotechnical investigations. The design reviews therefore took longer, contributing to cost increases and delays in the start of the works.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project readiness. Advance procurement was used for the first time in the recruitment of consultants under a project with Directorate General of Highways (DGH), and consultant recruitment was not a cause of delays. The time for completing the procurement process for the civil works, however, was underestimated; the process took 1 year longer than planned. The lesson here is that the time required for completing the various steps has to be estimated much more carefully, on the basis of experience.

Project Number: 34159-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation - 2 Project
Report Date: