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Lesson
Ensure that outcome and output indicators are appropriate, and that the methodology to monitor them are identified during program design to better capture the success of the program.

Project Number: 45032-001
Project Name: Public Financial Management Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing requirements for the project should have been firmed up from the beginning considering that there were other cofinanciers. It took some time before the EU actually signed the contribution agreement with ADB and this was identified by the midterm review mission as one issue for the project. While it was anticipated that the EU would sign the agreement by June 2011, it was signed only in 2012. This caused delays in the implementation of specific subprojects to be funded out of the EU contribution.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough evaluation of the executing agency capacity’s, especially in providing the required counterpart staff. This is to maximize the knowledge and skills transfer from the consultants to the national staff, and to enable the national staff to manage future projects and maintain existing infrastructures. Under the project, MID was unable to mobilize the required number of counterpart staff resulting in the national consultants assuming their roles in the project.

Project Number: 43381-012
Project Name: Second Road Improvement (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Greater project management capacity is necessary. MOTC and IPIG were effective in delivering the purely physical side of the project—the 75 km road civil works being completed within budget and the project’s closing date being extended to rehabilitate an additional 6 km village road using unutilized funds. However, the executing agency was not fully appreciative of the broader project design, including the nonphysical outputs and the importance of environmental safeguards, consultation, and monitoring.

Project Number: 42399-013
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Bishkek–Torugart Road) Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 42235-013, 42235-023
Project Name: Microfinance Development Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was fortunate that some of the required information (i.e., reduction of system losses) were available. Otherwise, it would have been difficult to quantify the project’s direct and indirect incremental effects. These could have also been recognized and addressed during the early review missions.

Project Number: 42085-013
Project Name: Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation notes some shortcomings in the formulation of covenants. First, the basis for reducing CO2 emission levels was not clearly defined, and the target emission levels could have been more modest. Second, the medium-term tariff policy is more of a sector issue rather than a project issue. The increase in tariff was critical to the borrower’s compliance with the loan covenants and achievement of some of the impact indicators. However, the implementation of the medium-term tariff policy is beyond the control of the borrower.

Project Number: 42085-013
Project Name: Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Some environmental issues surfaced during implementation, which were not considered as risks at appraisal. These include the unanticipated decrease in hydropower output due to continued drought conditions, and the unexpected geological structures and underground water during the construction of the Agdash substation. The drought conditions rendered one impact indicator to be only partly achieved. A more thorough assessment of the environmental risks during the feasibility study stage could have avoided some if not all of these issues.

Project Number: 42085-013
Project Name: Power Transmission Enhancement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The accident rate on the project roads was an indicator for the achievement of the project outcome. However, data were unavailable and improvements in road safety could not be assessed quantitatively. The appraisal design should have arranged a way of obtaining accident data.

Project Number: 41656-012
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An SDP approach increases the transaction costs compared with a programmatic approach. It is, however, a useful transition in supporting the development of a sector, and in establishing collaboration between MOF and line ministries (such as MOH or others). A CDTA grant or loan attached to an SDP or a program increases the chances of successful development of the sector.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The successful implementation of HSDP is the result of ADB’s long-term commitment to the health sector in the Lao PDR. Long-term commitment and policy dialogue built on trust and confidence between ADB and MOH, and the government, in general. The SDP modality was proposed by ADB in 2007 for the Health System Development Project but MOH was not yet confident enough about the support of MOF. Policy dialogue continued and in 2009, MOH and MOF were ready for an SDP approach.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to better identify barriers to access and use of primary health care services by the intended beneficiaries. HSDP addressed supply-side issues, but demand for services needs to be increased and oriented through better information and communication, and social marketing addressed to the beneficiaries. The health sector needs to mobilize other sectors to achieve health for all. Some barriers cannot be reduced by the health sector alone.

Project Number: 41376-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of detailed cost estimates and procurement plan that clearly allocate funds for external monitoring led to delays in recruiting external environment monitoring agencies, reduced the scope of external monitoring, and caused delays in the submission of environment monitoring reports for some subprojects. The lesson from this can be considered in similar future projects.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the importance of the project to women (based on the household survey and focus group discussions during appraisal stage), more attention is needed to identify an appropriate gender mainstreaming category. Without this, the project may lack interventions that could directly improve women's access to and in managing basic urban infrastructure.

Project Number: 40665-013
Project Name: Songhua River Basin Water Pollution Control and Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
While the heating component helped expand the heating service area and reduce the annual coal consumption and sulfur dioxide emissions as targeted, the project formulation team could have carried out more extensive studies to include in the project design innovative measures to gradually phase out coal as the heating source. This is especially important given the ADB’s new energy policy. In the future, ADB will need to take a more cautious approach to decarbonize, as called for by the Special Adviser to the United Nations Secretary-General.

Project Number: 40051-013
Project Name: Gansu Baiyin Urban Development Project
Report Date: