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Lesson
Project monitoring and reporting by the government were inadequate. ADB must ensure that mechanisms are in place for necessary data gathering and monitoring, and make sure that project covenants in this respect are complied with.

Project Number: 43110-013
Project Name: Emergency Flood Recovery (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB and the executing and implementing agencies must ensure that adequately skilled and experienced consultants are fielded to provide the inputs required for effective project design and implementation. The report and recommendation of the president (RRP) explicitly noted that adequate consultant support would be particularly important for disbursements based on experience in emergency assistance projects in the Pacific when design, contracting, and supervision expertise had been insufficient.

Project Number: 43110-013
Project Name: Emergency Flood Recovery (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB disaster response operations often involve executing and implementing agencies with capacity that is limited either inherently or due to the impacts of an emergency. This is particularly the case in countries such as Fiji where institutional capacity is often weak. The project inception report identified this as an issue facing the Ministry of Works, Transport, and Public Utilities (MWTPU), the main implementing agency for the project.

Project Number: 43110-013
Project Name: Emergency Flood Recovery (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Offsetting weakness in low bids. ADB's introduction of a stronger performance security requirement to the standard national competitive bidding (NCB) document for works after slow performance by the initial contractors proved effective in preventing similar problems in later subprojects. The new requirement weeded out bidders whose bids were too low to actually cover the costs of an adequate delivery of works.

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Issues caused by related urban development plans. The implementation of somesubprojects was delayed due to changes in the designs to be consistent with related urban development plans, followed by the contract variations made necessary by these redesigns. It also meant that the affected elements of the subprojects would have to be carried out only when the related urban development plans were to be implemented. Related urban development plans should have been fully considered when subprojects were designed.

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Incomplete external monitoring and evaluation of resettlement. The LPMOs committed during project preparation to pay independent agencies for external resettlement M&E but became reluctant to do so. As a result, the M&E reporting was less frequent than required. ADB should have financed the M&E with loan proceeds, to ensure the M&E to be carried out without relying on LPMOs' payments to the agencies. The two agencies should have provided the LPMOs with reports or feedback to establish close cooperation with them.

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Shortcomings in environmental management. The local environmental protection bureaus (LEPBs) should have been closely consulted during project preparation. ADB should have assessed the capacities of the LPMOs and LEPBs for programing and implementing environmental monitoring in more detail. ADB should have provided more regular guidance to the PPMO and conducted more frequent follow-ups regarding the implementation of the consolidated environmental management plan (CEMP) and the environmental management plans (EMPs).

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate support for project management. The design allowance for consultant inputs to support project management was inadequate. Adequate loan proceeds should have been earmarked for these services, considering the scale and complexity of the project and the capacities and experience of the provincial project management office (PPMO) and local project management offices (LPMOs).

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sector project implementation challenge. This sector project with 35 subprojects presented an implementation challenge, particularly for land acquisition and resettlement. This included the difficulties of preparing the resettlement plans of 27 noncore subprojects during project implementation and ensuring external monitoring and evaluation (M&E).

Project Number: 37641-013
Project Name: Hunan Flood Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government's and beneficiaries' in-kind contributions included in the project cost estimates should be quantifiable to ensure the proper monitoring and audit of the project's financial statements.

Project Number: 37536-013
Project Name: Land Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cofinancing by Global Environment Facility (GEF) is particularly useful for agricultural projects with environment- sensitive issues like water and soil salinity, and water logging.

Project Number: 37536-013
Project Name: Land Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
On-farm works requiring consultation with and contributions from beneficiaries require considerable time, efforts, and resources. Hence, their design, schedule, resource allocation, and implementation arrangements need to be planned carefully.

Project Number: 37536-013
Project Name: Land Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough review of the project at the midterm review to identify key issues and prepare remedial measures was key to the adequate completion of the project.

Project Number: 37536-013
Project Name: Land Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project provides a good example of the need for sound in-depth analysis of political economy conditions at design to confirm that the policy and institutional setting are ready for intended changes/reforms. This should be matched with the flexibility (by ADB and government) to quickly adapt implementation arrangements and activity plans in response to changes in institutional arrangements.

Project Number: 33356-014, 33356-013
Project Name: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Concentrating effort on farmer production and marketing groups (FPMGs) through a learning-by-doing process turned what was a pilot project at the outset into a demonstration at completion. FPMGs were shown to be successful as units for production and marketing, extension delivery, provision of skills and technology and as contracted primary suppliers. However, the project's approach was costly in terms of scale because FPMGs required intensive support. Although all groups still exist at completion it is not clear how they may expand or be replicated.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date: