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Lesson
Strong ownership of the executing and implementing agencies is key to project success. Adequate consultation with the borrower during project conceptualization and design as well as regular communications during implementation are important to ensure that the executing and implementing agencies are purposively identified, and appropriate institutional arrangements are made to ensure effective and efficient project implementation.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project schedule considering the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB and other development partners’ projects. Formulating appropriate project design, identifying major risks, implementing adequate mitigation measures, and providing early implementation support are crucial in minimizing startup delays and facilitating timely implementation progress of projects.

Project Number: 44019-013
Project Name: Hubei Huangshi Urban Pollution Control and Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The collective development results of a regional cooperation and integration project (e.g., cross-border spill-over effects of economic benefits and scale economies) rely on a well-defined and formulated joint project design and collective actions, including well-coordinated implementation activities among participating countries. These results, which were not evident in this project, reduce coordination failures and help in enhancing the delivery of regional public goods and services, including economic benefits.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The formulation of performance indicators in the context of regional dimension helps better assessment of the shared economic benefits among participating countries. Consequently, these performance indicators could provide insights into the magnitude and significance of these spill-over effects or shared economic benefits. In particular, these could provide insights into whether these regional economic benefits were well-dispersed or if a specific project entailed an asymmetrical distribution of benefits and costs across the countries.

Project Number: 40190-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more nuanced iteration of the project design and monitoring framework (DMF) i.e., accurately differentiating outcome and output indicators, would be beneficial to facilitate better project results assessments. As observed by this validation, impact, outcome, and output statements in the DMF were vague and similar, and did not provide sufficient guidance to focus performance targets that would have provided better evidence for achieving the goals of the impact, outcome, and output statements.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sound identification and valuation of costs and benefits in the economic analysis can provide more realistic economic internal rates of return (EIRRs) to indicate a more accurate state of project viability. The economic analysis in the RRP and PCR underestimated the value of the project outputs, particularly the economic benefits of the solid waste management component, which led to a low EIRR. Willingness-to-pay $2 per month for solid waste removal seems too low and unreasonable considering the substantial health and environmental benefits that such removal likely provides.

Project Number: 45507-003
Project Name: Yunnan Chuxiong Urban Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investments with innovative design elements should include monitoring systems that can capture how these innovations have performed for wider dissemination and upscaling. Tackling nonpoint source (NPS) pollution through wetland construction and eco-compensation represents real innovation; however, the project completion report could have better outlined how these approaches worked in practice.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive master plan combined with arrangements that put the upstream catchment management and lake management under single administrations can deliver lasting results.

Project Number: 44036-013
Project Name: Anhui Chao Lake Environmental Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Accessibility to key stakeholders of knowledge captured from projects can maximize their use and continued enhancement. Knowledge developed from this project, including the saline and wetland management guidelines, will be of continuing value to stakeholders; therefore,it should be made accessible to them. Periodic data recording on flood mitigation, losses, saline soils, and wetland benefits should be maintained.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated approaches, necessitating long-term planning and consultative processes. For example under this project, safeguard readiness including securing design approval from pertinent agencies should have been pursued more effectively. Project readiness for physical works should be adequately considered in drawing up implementation schedules. Accurate and realistic cost estimates based on detailed technical design can reduce the risk of loan cancellations.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community and farmers' involvement in project implementation is crucial to integrative flood and land management. This was highlighted by this project's experience. Also, advocacy and capacity development among stakeholders at the village level enable them to understand the complex soil salinity and flood risk management processes.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate local counterpart funds obstruct the payment of necessary land acquisition and resettlement costs, resulting in slow implementation and delays, particularly during the initial stage of project implementation.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A simple and focused design strengthens the likelihood for project success. This project's design was simple and focused (with two well-differentiated outputs linked to a clear outcome), and with all dimensions of irrigation efficiency as determinants of agriculture productivity included in the scope of activities.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Failure to identify and provide the necessary human resources can affect the implementaton of well-prepared projects. This was shown in how the deficit in operation and maintenance specialists and national engineers in the project implementation team and the late recruitment of a gender specialist had caused implementation delays.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The establishment and staffing of project management units and inclusion of counterpart funding in government budgets prior to loan approval help prevent delays in loan effectiveness. This was another benefit that resulted from the project's application of earlier lessons on the importance of advance actions.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date: