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Lesson
An adequate assessment is needed when setting targets. This project had a few design challenges that could not be addressed during implementation. For the target of serving 3,000 households with new water supply connections and 4,500 with improved ones, financing was not included in the approved project, so could never be achieved. The target of serving 25,000 households with sewer connections was ambitious, as only about 13,680 households would get these connections based on the final engineering designs.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Bidding documents should incorporate specific provisions requiring permanent local representative from foreign contractors to avoid construction delays. The performance of the contractors for the Birgunj ISWM and the Kavre Valley Water Supply Subproject was unsatisfactory in part because they had no local representative.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of services of experienced project staff is essential. The project director and account officer positions at the project coordination office experienced high turnover, which affected overall performance, including of project financial management, as evidenced by the outstanding recurring audit issues and multiple delayed submissions.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate stakeholder consultations, conducted at all project stages, are essential to building consensus and preventing tensions and disagreements from negatively affecting implementation.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects are better designed and implemented if there is a clear government sector plan that is fully supported both at the national and provincial levels. This was demonstrated by the country’s railway development plan and its financial allocations. The national government successfully reached out to private banks for cofinancing, and the provincial governments had a strong buy-in through their smooth implementation of land acquisition and resettlement plan.

Project Number: 35354-013
Project Name: Lanzhou–Chongqing
Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of accurate and robust data, especially for traffic analysis, is crucial in assessing the economic viability and financial sustainability of the project. Together with plausible assumptions and parameters based on recent economic data, credibility of the economic and financial analysis can be strengthened. This is one area where ADB can provide technical and knowledge support by carefully reviewing the forecasts prepared and ensuring that they are based on the latest economic data. Economic benefits associated with incremental demand

Project Number: 35354-013
Project Name: Lanzhou–Chongqing
Railway Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project benefit identification, quantification, and valuation depend on the establishment and effective use of PPMS. The project was not successful in training FMG staff in the use of PPMS and, therefore, the project benefits in the EIRR calculation in the PCR were put into question.

Project Number: 44007-013
Project Name: Jiangxi Fuzhou Urban
Integrated Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The significant changes on the approved route on the BRT component at appraisal could have been avoided if significant resources to explain the BRT concept, issues, and challenges at the local context were provided during project preparation

Project Number: 44007-013
Project Name: Jiangxi Fuzhou Urban
Integrated Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For project areas where differences in language is considered a significant challenge, setting aside resources for translation andcommunication with the local government officials can mitigate misunderstanding during project preparation.

Project Number: 44007-013
Project Name: Jiangxi Fuzhou Urban
Integrated Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Transport projects typically involve a variety of risks in implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, costs and contingencies, safeguards, and financial and contractual risks. The institutional setup, internal review and approval process, and existing capacity and prior experience of the borrower and executing

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of government, especially when a large number of households are affected. It is important for an agency charged with resettlement activities to be proactive and work closely with local authorities and affected people to resolve identified issues on the ground. Having intensive policy dialogues with the agencies on ADB's safeguard policies and providing well-designed TA projects can

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The timely provision of adequate community infrastructure and services is key to ensure the well-being of displaced households and achieve resettlement objectives. These infrastructure and services, including electricity, water, waste management, drainage, and road management, would have to meet pertinent national standards at the least and be made available prior to issuance of

Project Number: 37269-013, 37269-023
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion:
Rehabilitation of the Railway in Cambodia Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing and implementing an asset maintenance plan, which remains important to break the wasteful build–neglect–rebuild cycle in the road transport sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG), is a pending business needing consistent follow up from development partners like ADB. Limited annual recurrent funding for operation and maintenance (O&M) was an underlying cause for developing this bridge replacement project along with capacity development for an asset management system.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With climate change exerting new and increasing demands on road and bridge networks, future economic analyses for transport projects should take a broader perspective in calculating economic benefits. The economic analysis for this project compared with-project and without-project scenarios to derive its economic benefits. The definition of the with-project scenario assumed time and vehicle operating cost savings from less traffic congestion and improved traffic flow. The benefits from less congestion accounted for 93% of the total net benefits.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close and consistent supervision by ADB is crucial in ensuring quality road works and effective project implementation. The quality of construction supervision (including bridge design) and close, regular supervision by ADB since 2017 were critical in ensuring the quality of bridge construction and installation under this project. Despite delays and issues in financial management and procurement, the project achieved high-quality bridge construction, which contributed to project effectiveness.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date: