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Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Construction timelines in climate-affected areas need to be reliably assessed to minimize completion delays. The construction timelines for Karamyk BCP, located at altitude of 2,300 meters above sea level, were tight. The contractor faced various issues due to the harsh weather, electricity supply interruptions, and delays with the supply of materials and equipment. Combined with the contractor’s relatively low financial capacity, this resulted in a 4-year construction period versus the originally planned 15-month implementation timeline.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Trade facilitation reforms and national single window (NSW) development are complex undertakings requiring much time to be completed. This project's timelines were very ambitious with regard to the NSW component given that it required institutional and regulatory reforms; business process reengineering across multiple government agencies; as well as design, development, and integration of the SWIS.

Project Number: 46124-001
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s internal approval processes need to be carefully considered when designing and implementing a policy reform program. In Viet Nam, the consensus-building approach to policymaking requires significant time and coordination, particularly for policies that would entail changes to the legal framework. The process for amending laws is a significant constraint, as the lawmaking cycle usually takes 5 years. Inadequate consideration of these features of policymaking and lawmaking in Viet Nam could lead to unrealistic program schedules.

Project Number: 49331-001
Project Name: Financial Sector Development and Inclusion Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Early identification of the need to cancel subprojects and faster decision-making on project scope changes could shorten the extension of project implementation periods. This project's completion date was extended twice for a cumulative period of 3 years from the original completion of 31 December 2018. The first extension was until 31 December 2020 for the utilization of loan savings across different subprojects, necessitating a minor change in project scope that could have been shortened had the request for the scope change been made earlier.

Project Number: 45509-002
Project Name: Chongqing Urban-Rural Infrastructure Development Demonstration II Project
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Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
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Lesson
Well planned and logically sequenced policy actions are crucial to maximizing impact of reform programs and ensuring the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 54271-001, 54271-002
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience and Social Protection Support Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Clearly defined project implementation plans for multitranche financing facility (MFF) tranches along with a well-formulated design and monitoring framework (DMF) enhance the quality of the project’s implementation plans and support the achievement of the intended results. Specifically, developing clear and logical performance indicators, baseline targets, and timelines can benefit the project’s performance and accountability which facilitates better assessment of the project’s achievements.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Land acquisition procedures, processes, consultations, and reporting are complex in Viet Nam, not least because of the number of agencies involved. Therefore, more time, energy, and expertise need to be allocated to project land clearance and subsequent resettlement compensation.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
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Lesson
The governments' internal review and approval processes and executing agencies' limited prior experience in ADB-financed projects and unfamiliarity with ADB procurement procedures were major contributing factors to the substantial startup and implementation delays experienced by this project.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Good due diligence at appraisal is important to prepare a realistic project schedule considering the institutional setup, internal review and approval procedures, existing capacity, and prior experience of the government and executing agency in implementing ADB and other development partners' projects. Formulating appropriate project design, identifying major risks, implementing adequate mitigation measures, and providing early implementation support are crucial in minimizing startup delays and facilitating the timely implementation progress of projects.

Project Number: 44130-022
Project Name: District Capitals Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of obtaining forest and wildlife clearance approvals in India is lengthy and complex and this should be factored into the project implementation timelines both at the design stage and while processing the scope extension. The compliance risk can be mitigated through advanced action by the implementing agency in managing land acquisition, forest clearance, and resettlement issues. The compliance with safeguards requirements should be linked to commissioning as retrofitting after transmission assets become operational poses challenges.

Project Number: 44426-016
Project Name: Green Energy Corridor and Grid Strengthening Project
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Lesson
ADB project teams need to have a realistic understanding of how long it takes host governments to secure internal approvals to avoid delays in completion thatcould impact project performance. Loan effectiveness took place about 5 months after loan signing, some 3 months behind schedule, “due to prolonged government approvals and parliamentary ratification procedures.” This put the project behind schedule almost from the beginning. Subsequent review missions “emphasized the need to accelerate implementation of all planned activities.

Project Number: 46535-001
Project Name: Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training
Report Date:
Lesson
Climatic constraints, available working seasons over the year, difficult terrain, availability of experienced local labor, and availability of construction materials need to be adequately considered in deciding the construction completion period. As this was not the case under the project, the Public Works Department was forced to extend the contracts' duration to be able to complete the civil works contracts.

Project Number: 37143-023
Project Name: North Eastern State Roads Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date: