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Lesson
ADB has been at the forefront of social welfare reform in Mongolia. Continued engagement at the country level is key to further strengthening the system through improved targeting, consolidation of benefits, and improved financial sustainability. Although not the aim of the emergency assistance loan, the project highlighted the need for further reforming the system.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
This was the first ADB project in the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) sector in the PRC. A number of institutional issues related to financing TVET were neither fully known nor examined for leveraging sustainable development of the subsector in such a situation. The project should have been accompanied by a broader technical assistance to study and share the findings with the government, including enabling elements necessary for replication and/or upscaling in the PRC.

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
As was done in this project, drawing from other ADB experiences and lessons in other developing member countries is a good practice that needs to be encouraged and utilized more proactively. Such practices help strengthen ADB’s value-add and deliver quality programs and projects.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The education–employment linkages improve when both the demand for skills and their supply are strengthened together in a system.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When functions and responsibilities are decentralized, policy dialogue with the concerned local authorities during project processing is just as important as dialogue at the central level.Although ULBs in Bangladesh depend on LGD, they enjoy some autonomy. The ULBs rapidly realized the benefit of better governance and financial management and these components were timely implemented. However, it took longer for the ULBs to appreciate the benefits of investments in sanitation and food safety funded by the project loan.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Performing an adequate level of due diligence and risk assessments at the early stage of project preparation increases the quality of project design and readiness. For example, preparatory work for procurement planning and administration of abnormally low bids (e.g., prequalification of bidders) supports and better streamlines the procurement process and avoids substantial changes in a project design and scope.

Project Number: 44483-023, 44483-024, 44483-026, 44483-027
Project Name: Second Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 2 Road Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient and careful risk assessment during the project’s appraisal phase is critical to mitigating any implementation risk since any potential change could hamper the project’s envisaged outcome.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of technical assistance to support the project preparatory stage and capacity of the executing and implementing agencies enhances the quality of project administration. For example, building the capacity skill set of agencies on financial and procurement management prior to the onset of a project would benefit the timely execution of procurement activities and civil works. This helps in reducing any potential risk that could arise because of delayed start-up and/or implementation.

Project Number: 44240-014
Project Name: Thimphu Road Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of ex-post monitoring as results of policy-based loans are expected to fully materialize after implementation period. In this regard, mechanisms, such as the post-program engagement framework , established as part of program design allows for monitoring of results over the longer term and helps in promoting sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
For rural development projects that require relatively longer-term interventions, building on progress achieved from past related investments and technical assistance and duly taking account of relevant lessons and recommendations can optimize project design and fast-track project implementation. In the case of this project, its design capitalized on the capacity of the executing and implementing agencies and Para (village) Development Committees strengthened through phase 1 of this project 1 and took into consideration a series of specific lessons from that phase.

Project Number: 42248-013, 42248-023
Project Name: Sustainable Management of Community Development for Chittagong Hill Tracts
Report Date:
Lesson
The concept of level 2 design introduced under the Road Project Preparatory Facility is an effective strategy, particularly when there is no guarantee that the designed roads will be constructed immediately after preparation. This strategy minimizes the risk of outdated designs while saving time and other resources.

Project Number: 42254-013
Project Name: Northern Road Connectivity Project
Report Date: