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Lesson
Frequent requests for scope changes pose a challenge to smooth and timely TA implementation. The government had been consulted in the design of the TA; however, it made frequent requests to expand or modify the TA scope that, although agreed upon by ADB created a challenge to the smooth implementation and timely delivery of outputs. This contributed to a significant delay in TA completion, from March 2022 to December 2023.

Project Number: 54092-001
Project Name: Institutional Support to the National Quality Center for Road Assets
Report Date:
Lesson
It will be advisable to nominate alternate participants to training activities in the future. One of the TA’s capacity building activities created an opportunity for two representatives from Kazakhstan to participate in the road maintenance training organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Unfortunately, only one of the nominees was able to participate because personal circumstances prevented the other nominee to travel. The unoptimal use of future opportunities may be prevented by naming alternate participants to future training activities.

Project Number: 54092-001
Project Name: Institutional Support to the National Quality Center for Road Assets
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban land acquisition in densely populated areas poses significant challenges. Compensation rates may rise during implementation, driven by urbanization rather than project schedules, potentially causing delays beyond the control of the project. Aligning civil engineering procurement with land acquisition progress is essential to prevent contractual disputes. Close collaboration, clear milestones, and effective communication mitigate risks. Establishing a resettlement information system aids in early issue identification, maintaining transparency.

Project Number: 45022-002
Project Name: Jiangxi Ji'an Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The risks associated with single-tranche loans can be mitigated through proper management of the loan proceeds and control of the project cost. The ADB loan was featured to have a single tranche disbursement arrangement to address currency mismatch and hedge financial risks arising from foreign borrowing. In the early stage of project implementation, the full amount of the ADB loan ($90.8 million) was disbursed as an advance and exchanged to local currency.

Project Number: 41682-039
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Expansion Phase 2 Project
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Lesson
Timely processing of changes in scope, implementation, and disbursement arrangements strengthen implementation and enhance project relevance.

Project Number: 44240-013
Project Name: Urban Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Apart from offering concessional interest rates,ADB and China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation (I&G) could explore providing enhanced value-added services for ongoing and future financial intermediation loan initiatives in air quality improvement or climate change programs. The global economic slowdown dampened enthusiasm for green investments, while the rise in euro interest rates and the reduction of yuan lending rates since 2022 presented additional challenges for green financing eligible subprojects within the greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

Project Number: 50096-002
Project Name: Air Quality Improvement in the Greater Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region—China National Investment and Guaranty Corporation’s Green Financing Platform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Performing an adequate level of due diligence and risk assessments at the early stage of project preparation increases the quality of project design and readiness. For example, preparatory work for procurement planning and administration of abnormally low bids (e.g., prequalification of bidders) supports and better streamlines the procurement process and avoids substantial changes in a project design and scope.

Project Number: 44483-023, 44483-024, 44483-026, 44483-027
Project Name: Second Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 2 Road Investment Program (Tranche 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure can provide efficient infrastructure improvement support on a larger scale. Although the project completion report indicated that these types of projects should contain fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden, the report confirmed the efficacy of the project. Therefore, to provide large-scale infrastructure, it may be preferable to finance a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure, such as a multitranche financing facility.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient and careful risk assessment during the project’s appraisal phase is critical to mitigating any implementation risk since any potential change could hamper the project’s envisaged outcome.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway is a methodological weakness. The project completion report (PCR) did not explain why it did not conduct a financial cost-benefit evaluation for the toll revenue-generating motorway. This validation notes that the RRP too did not conduct such evaluation.

Project Number: 48402-001, 48402-002
Project Name: National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot Section Project and National Motorway M–4 Gojra–Shorkot–Khanewal Section Project - Additional Financing
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Lesson
Inaccurate estimation of quantities in the detailed project reports (DPR), required for project processing in India, can raise project costs at the same time push back construction periods. There was a huge difference between actual quantity requirements based on site-specific conditions and those indicated in this project's DPRs. Because of insufficient estimations in the bill of quantities, contractors had to put a huge claim for the revision of rates and work quantity. Given this, care must be taken in preparing the DPR and estimating quantities.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Wide time gaps between the finalization of construction cost estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided as these could lead to time and cost overruns. There were significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the DPRs, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process. Besides causing startup delays, this also led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
A geo-fabric reinforced seal could be replicated to provide more robust waterproofing and as a strain-alleviating membrane for treating road surface cracks. The geo-fabric reinforced seal installed for a 500 m length of the project road on a pilot basis proved to be an effective spray sealing technique for treating badly cracked and distressed pavements, particularly where crack movements are slow.

Project Number: 40540-014, 40540-017
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Road Connectivity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
changes in the pavement composition to address climate change and overloading, constructability

Project Number: 46040-003
Project Name: Yunnan Pu'er Regional Integrated Road Network Development Project
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Lesson
Attainment of project benefits not within the project scope but instead are dependent on external factors downgrades project performance evaluation. The design and monitoring indicators included household sewerage connections, which were not part of the subprojects’ scope but were provided by the respective urban local bodies (ULBs). This led to dependence on external factors in the accrual of project benefits, thus impacting the final evaluation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date: