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Lesson
High-level leadership facilitates the support and participation of all stakeholders and government entities in TA activities. Direct leadership of a deputy director general-level government officer, with strong expertise and interest in economics and management, championed the active engagement and contribution of local stakeholders throughout implementation, and this significantly contributed to the TA’s high effectiveness.

Project Number: 54037-001
Project Name: Innovation-Driven Green Economic Diversification for Resource-Exhausted Cities in Heilongjiang
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The transition of PWWs into independent corporate entities requires adequate preparation to ensure they have the capacity, technical and financial management skills, and resources for viability and sustainability. To support this transition, the PMU adopted a phased and practical approach, implementing vital actions with training and technical support. The PWWs developed business planning and financial reporting systems and adopted supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The PMU has identified the first PWWs that are considered ready for the next step as a corporate entity.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The imposition of sewerage tariffs needs to be carefully thought out and based on a thorough study, as these could discourage low-income households from connecting to new sanitation services. Sewerage tariffs were proposed based on the “user pays” principle as one of two means to increase resources for the operation and maintenance of project facilities. However, sanitation services are overall viewed as a public good not suited to the "user pays" principle. Moreover, given the dire pre- project sanitation situation in South Tarawa, the principle may not work.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-planned integrated urban development investments—possibly including a South Tarawa-wide sewage collection and disposal system along with subsidized toilet and flushing facilities for low-income households— are necessary to substantially address the sanitation issue in South Tarawa. It was recognized from the outset that the project could only be the start of a comprehensive solution to the serious sanitation problem in South Tarawa.

Project Number: 43072-013
Project Name: South Tarawa Sanitation Improvement Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The integration of urban and rural water supply systems ensures the delivery of improved and equitable water supply services to urban and rural residents in Chaonan district, which is ADB’s value addition to inclusive and balanced development. The institutional and tariff reforms have made services equitable and affordable to all. The tariff per ton charged to residents has been decreased by 40%, benefiting 1.41 million residents in Chaonan district. The formulation and design of the project can be replicated in similar rural and small-town water supply systems in the PRC.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Essential infrastructure and services can positively impact gender equity when designed to address the specific needs and responsibilities of women. This project contributed significant time savings for rural women by releasing them from the burden of fetching water,. Extra time provided them the opportunity to redirect their efforts to economically and socially productive tasks, spending time with family, and leisure activities.

Project Number: 46079-002
Project Name: Guangdong Chaonan Water Resources Development and Protection Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing urban infrastructure and providing universal municipal services within growing towns face complex ground-level challenges hence requiring more time for implementation.

Project Number: 38254-013, 38254-063
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 4 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Source sustainability issues leading to disruptions in the water supply and contributing to increases in nonrevenue water and infrastructure leakage index consequently impact service delivery and monitoring.

Project Number: 42267-026
Project Name: Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program
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Lesson
It is critical that the risk assessment and management plan of the project preparatory technical assistance in the tourism sector incorporate measures to be taken in case of future pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic led to delays in realizing project tourism benefits. Nevertheless, the ensuing pent-up demand from domestic and foreign tourists seems likely to lead to increases in future incremental visitor numbers, visitor days, and visitor expenditure from each of the subprojects. These increases could contribute to the financial sustainability of the subprojects.

Project Number: 46293-005
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Tourism Infrastructure for Inclusive Growth Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The achievement of project outcomes and outputs and the development impact of the project demonstrate the effectiveness of WSS projects in increasing the economic welfare of the poorest and most disadvantaged people in a country.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Water treatment plant designs, whether for rehabilitation or otherwise, that are not complete in the components needed to operate the project effectively and safely, could have inherent risks in terms of delays in completion of the project and delays in producing the economic benefits that was expected from the project. Therefore, it may be worthwhile, to carefully plan or consider all pertinent components in the design stage. This could only be done by pursuing an integrated approach.

Project Number: 52256-006
Project Name: Osh-Plotina Water Treatment Plant Chlorine Neutralization Unit
Report Date:
Lesson
The achievement of project outcomes and outputs, and the development impact of the project demonstrates the effectiveness of water supply and sanitation projects to increase the economic welfare of the poorest and most disadvantaged people in a country.

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date: