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Lesson
Joint donor support in a small country can provide a significant incentive for reform. Joint support provides an incentive because of its potential significance in overall GDP. Nevertheless, it is still important that reform is country-owned. In Kiribati, the government could see the cost of maintaining its existing fiscal policy because of its negative impact on the RERF, so the external shock also provided an incentive to reform.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Limit the policy matrix to a few critical actions. While Kiribati had an incentive to reform, the country also has limited reform capacity. It needs to focus on a few critical actions and to be clear on the development outcome of each prior action, including identifying an indicator that can be monitored. The requirement where the five largest SOEs were to submit audited accounts may have underestimated the institutional capacity that was required to achieve it.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarity between the policy matrix and the DMF is important for monitoring and evaluating results. A clear line between the prior actions and the overall development outcome is important so that the program achievements can be judged consistently.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
TA support is important. If a TA grant is not directly provided to support reform implementation, it is important to link reforms to existing areas of technical assistance. ADB helped support SOE reforms before and after grant release, so there was existing support in the area, which would continue after the PBL. The program also benefited from the government and development partners creating a joint policy matrix, which listed a series of policy actions that preceded grant release and supported a post-partnership framework.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Kiribati: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The incompatibility of undertaking project implementation and institutional restructuring at the same time. Staff movements to the newly created state-owned enterprises affected the implementation process. NAC had to recruit new supervisors for the civil works contracts due to the institutional changes, which required some period for the new staff to familiarize themselves with their new responsibilities in the PIU.

Project Number: 43141-023
Project Name: Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for more frequent monitoring and coordination meetings with the executing agency by ADB in the early stages of project implementation to resolve issues before they worsen. Strict compliance with loan covenants pertaining to financial management systems, reporting, and project coordination meetings should have been the priority concern after loan effectiveness.

Project Number: 43141-023
Project Name: Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The program grant enabled the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF) drawdown to be reduced in 2014 and expedited reforms. Ongoing actions under the post-program partnership framework can be combined into a multi-year matrix linked to ongoing budget support. The program also highlighted the importance of partnership (with government and other development partners) through creation of a joint policy matrix.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
The grant pre-conditions were an incentive for the government to reform state owned enterprise (SOE) governance and operation and improve management of government revenue, expenditure, assets, and liabilities. An ongoing ADB technical assistance (TA) was timely in supporting SOE reforms that preceded and continued after grant release.

Project Number: 47314-001
Project Name: Strengthening Fiscal Stability Program: Program Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, core indicators on financial and social performance of participating MFIs needed to be integrated and collected in the monitoring system of the project.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic design key in conditions of uncertainty. When a project seeks to develop a nascent industry in a challenging environment, outputs need to be realistic. The project design relied on assumptions about the state of and potential for development in the microfinance industry that proved to be unrealistic. The project redesign highlights the need to be flexible in adapting the project to emerging realities and experiences in the industry.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Match ADB staff skills to specific project needs. When supporting the development of a new industry in a challenging environment, project administration needs to be particularly vigilant and carried out by ADB officers with strong expertise in the area. Stakeholders noted that the performance of ADB improved when staff had expertise in the microfinance sector and were actively involved in the implementation of the project.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely reviews, earlier solutions, lower costs. A major project redesign followed a midterm review. While the changes contributed significantly to the success of the project, this review occurred came fairly late - in 2005, compared with the original closing date of 2006. Had this review taken place earlier, the project might have been able to achieve its outcomes earlier and at lower cost.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Not housing the PIU within the executing agency reduced oversight and transparency.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Efficient reporting and data collection essential. The project implementing unit (PIU) did not allocate sufficient time to reporting and data collection during implementation, which impacted negatively on the ability of ADB and the microfinance steering committee to administer the project effectively.

Project Number: 32472-013
Project Name: Microfinance and Employment Project
Report Date:
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