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Lesson
Continuous recourse to resident international advisors may perpetuate the dependency of decision-makers on such experts.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the absence of specific terms of reference for international advisors for on-the-job training, or if those are not strictly focused on the most technically challenging tasks, the availability of these experts to provide general support within the ministries will tend to crowd-out the inputs provided by, and the learning process of the local staff. Thus, experts should be given specific terms of reference that (a) require the provision of on-the-job training to local counterparts, and (b) limit their overall involvement to the most technically challenging tasks.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In the absence of absorptive capacity in ministries, little technical skills transfer will occur. However, the level of fiscal resources needed to sustain hiring of more qualified staff to the civil service (to increase that absorptive capacity) is also affected by current development partner financing of externally-funded national staff (the so-called ?second civil service?), which is now hired on inflated terms. Coordination between these two dimensions is a priority if core government capacity is to be developed.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Further assistance to the government, especially the Ministry of Finance (MOF), is crucial in order for reforms under subprogram 1 to become effective and be sustainable. But the approach to the provision of this assistance must also change. Instances have been highlighted in which high levels of technical assistance (TA) have constrained learning-by-doing on the part of local counterparts, and overwhelmed the incentives that normally underpin successful capacity development.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
How the design and monitoring framework (DMF) was prepared constitutes a major design and evaluation issue, and its lack of clarity made assessment of achievements across the program very difficult. The standards used in conceptualizing DMFs have evolved significantly since the program - s approval, and the new practices should soon make it possible to design more effective assistance in Afghanistan and elsewhere.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The PPMS report was prepared but not comprehensive. The project performance monitoring system (PPMS) should include all the technical and socioeconomic indicators that are essential to monitor the project's outcome and impact.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of a resettlement specialist within consulting services is essential to ensure timely preparation of LARPs.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The quality of civil works for watertight structures, such as the underground and elevated water reservoirs constructed under the project, achieved the required local standards. However, local civil works contractors need further training on technology and workmanship for the construction of water supply facilities, in particular, watertight structures to reach international standards.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Highest priority should be given to international consultants that are qualified and familiar with local rules and regulations related to project implementation.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate local counterpart funds should have been allocated to the PMU and the PIUs to enable them to undertake the basic socioeconomic survey at the start and end of the project.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The salaries of PMU and PIU staff should be comparable with prevailing market rates to prevent the high turnover of PMU and PIU staff.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project management unit (PMU) and project implementation units (PIUs) should be staffed and consultants recruited in a timely manner to carry out the necessary work at an early stage, such as the preparation of subproject appraisal reports (SARs), land acquisition and involuntary resettlement plans (LARPs), detailed designs, and bid documents; the selection of contractors; and coordination with government agencies and other stakeholders.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Significant inflation during project implementation affected the project cost. The total project cost could have been less than that actually spent, if the initial 2-year delay in implementation had been avoided. Action should have been taken by all the parties concerned including ADB to ensure that the government was taking timely action.

Project Number: 38074-013
Project Name: Kashkadarya and Navoi Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The private sector in Pakistan also faces capacity constraints that prevent efficient and effective project implementation. This could be addressed by technical assistance programs to transfer good practices from other countries as well as to improve national educational institutions.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
This poor performance illustrates the need for the government to adopt a clear strategy on developing the transport sector in general and the sector - s institutions in particular. It has also helped identify areas for future technical assistance - project planning, safeguards monitoring, and project management.

Project Number: 37559-023, 37559-033
Project Name: National Highway Development Sector Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date: