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Lesson
Close coordination of the multiple development partners was important to ensure that works and programs were complementary, with no overlap or gaps in support. The project was able to incorporate separate but complementary programs from bilateral development partners, which helped the overall implementation and impact of the project.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
The main lesson learned through implementation of the project was that working with and supporting existing government structures helps develop the capacity of the executing agency to implement externally funded projects, especially in procurement and contract management. It also ensures better ownership of the various works and continued sustainability. Most other development activities are implemented off-budget in Afghanistan.

Project Number: 37136-013
Project Name: Regional Airports Rehabilitation Project Phase I
Report Date:
Lesson
The government needs to institutionalize a safeguard system within the organizational framework of the project, particularly during implementation, for effective monitoring and supervision of and timely compliance with safeguard covenants.

Project Number: 37027-013
Project Name: Subregional Transport Facilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There were some difficulties in contract administration between Department of Customs (DOC) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Although the contract for automatic system of customs data (ASYCUDA) was signed between Department of Roads (DOR) and UNCTAD, DOC was the main agency to supervise UNCTAD's work. DOC felt that it was less effective in the UNCTAD contract implementation because it was not a party to the contract. Contract provisions should have clearly stated the role, responsibilities, and implementation arrangements of DOC.

Project Number: 37027-013
Project Name: Subregional Transport Facilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government needs to review and include interim milestone dates in the contract documents to ensure timely work completion and avoid extensions.

Project Number: 37027-013
Project Name: Subregional Transport Facilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The absence of international joint venture partners in the implementation of international competitive bidding (ICB) contracts awarded to them was observed during project implementation. To ensure involvement of all joint venture partners in contract administration, it would be necessary for each individual joint venture partner to issue a guarantee against the collateral for their individual and joint liability. Issuance of individual and joint liability along with a performance bond would ensure liability for the work among all joint venture partners.

Project Number: 37027-013
Project Name: Subregional Transport Facilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensuring quality in complex reform oriented projects: The consultants under the loan were hired through QCBS. The staff costs in the bids were inadequate for quality staff. This hiring process allowed weak firms to bid low and win the bids, without fully appreciating the tasks ahead. The request for proposal for complex sector loans should either be quality-based or include a bid rejection option in case of underbidding in QCBS.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Provision of optimal environment for change: The project design included community and private sector participation in the delivery of urban services, supported by some concrete small-scale activities. However, the project did not provide clear direction and adequate resources to deliver these activities (para. 46). Flexibility is important in the design of complex loans, but for this flexibility to be used effectively, additional capacity, a guiding framework, and resources should be included in the sector loan, with supporting technical assistance to guide the use of the resources.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Addressing the fundamentals reforms upfront: Major governance issues of autonomy and incentives to perform, which plagued the key implementing agencies that were the urban service providers, were only captured piecemeal in the policy framework. This allowed these issues that were fundamental for the success of the project to be addressed (or not be addressed) during project implementation. The design also allowed major investment subprojects to be implemented without addressing these fundamental issues.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusive implementation arrangements: The PPTA also identified and consulted key stakeholders, including private sector developers, DHA, and the Cantonment Board�accepting their role in influencing project scope and cost. However, no formal agreement was signed with these stakeholders (para. 54). Formal arrangements with key stakeholders on the scope and cost- sharing arrangement should be part of the design and planning stage, to avoid delays and confusion at the project implementation stage.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarity of roles and responsibilities: The PPTA and the RRP identified overlap in administrative and geographic alignments of agencies such as WASA, town administrations, RDA, the Cantonment Board, and the CDG responsible for municipal and other urban functions (para. 55). The policy actions, PSC and PIRC established for the project were unable to address these gaps. Clarity of roles, and geographic, administrative, and sector alignment are prerequisites for effective urban governance and need to be addressed at the planning stage or should be part of project readiness checklist.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Alignment with overall reforms: The project only supported implementation of reforms in the participating towns and WASA in line with PLGO 2001 and urban policy actions agreed with the government for the project (para. 53). Ownership and commitment to reforms deteriorated in general and project implementation was adversely affected. Although these risks were identified in the project design, no flexibility was built into the design to respond to these external factors.

Project Number: 37003-013
Project Name: Rawalpindi Environmental Improvement
Report Date:
Lesson
Uninterrupted power supply and assured raw water availability are critical to ensure the sustainability of investments. Such infrastructure constraints that are outside the control of a particular project may reduce the project's benefits as well as accelerate the depreciation of the assets created.

Project Number: 35496-013
Project Name: Western Uzbekistan Rural Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The midterm review should thoroughly review the project, including knowledge of ground realities, costs, and implementation progress, and come up with a revised project scope, if warranted, keeping in view the budgetary provisions, and a realistic implementation schedule.

Project Number: 35496-013
Project Name: Western Uzbekistan Rural Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Market-level compensation is necessary to attract and retain competent staff at the PMU and PIUs.

Project Number: 35496-013
Project Name: Western Uzbekistan Rural Water Supply Project
Report Date: