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Lesson
Close engagement with government agencies is essential and so is partnership with subregional governmental cooperation organizations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The TA was initiated to assist DMCs’ aviation sector recovery from the global crisis. Due to the urgent need, there was inadequate engagement with stakeholders during the design and planning phase. Specifically, there was less public sector involvement compared to private sector.

Project Number: 55319-001
Project Name: Southeast Asia Aviation: COVID-19 Impact and Short-term Strategy
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Lesson
Government leadership and coordination are key to successful sector reforms. The main reason for the delay in completing subprogram 3 was because of the time needed to complete the coordination for a presidential regulation that required more interministerial coordination and agreements than a ministerial regulation. While this additional requirement makes this action more irreversible, overcoming the coordination challenge was not without difficulty. Government leadership for careful coordination was critical in completing this policy action.

Project Number: 49043-001, 49043-002, 49043-003
Project Name: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program 
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Lesson
It is important for Indonesia to focus on improving the procedures to enable micro, small, and medium enterprises—the basis of the Indonesian economy—not only to start a business but also to expand the existing ones

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
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Lesson
With the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely affecting MSMEs, risks from further implications and possible pandemics in the future need more attention in the program’s assessment moving forward.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
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Lesson
In implementing the PPPs and in establishing the PPP unit, specific actions could have been better emphasized to ensure that such projects are affordable to the poor and that these are gender and socially conscious. Providing varied financing mechanisms for different forms of PPPs—such as viability gap funding, availability-based, and Islamic bond financing—were innovations that could be repeated in future projects.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
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Lesson
A larger, multi-sourced development fund could maximize the benefits and development impact of Indonesia’s centers of technology (COTs), a project innovation to bridge the world of learning and the world of work.

Project Number: 42099-013
Project Name: Polytechnics Education Development Project
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Lesson
Strengthening the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) subsector of Indonesia requires greater stakeholder collaboration and continuing investment to improve quality and accessibility and the demand-driven approach to skills development.

Project Number: 42099-013
Project Name: Polytechnics Education Development Project
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Lesson
Continuous support is crucial to sustain and advance reforms to strengthen investment-led growth in Indonesia, with the COVID-19 pandemic heightening this need.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, 3)
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Lesson
The importance of a comprehensive strategic framework that broadens and deepens financial inclusion based on robust diagnostics and analytical work. The rationale for reform and policy actions are to be drawn from these diagnostics, and actions are prioritized and sequenced in addressing the constraints and bottlenecks. Regulatory constraints, institutional capacity limitations, deficiencies in technology infrastructure, and extent of financial literacy need to be clearly identified and assessed based on the analytical work.

Project Number: 48207-001, 48207-002, 48207-004
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Inclusion Program
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Lesson
Financing arrangements for TVET across public and private schools need to take account of the broader framework of fiscal devolution in countries with significant decentralization policies.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
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Lesson
Inclusive education planning and management decisions in decentralized public management systems require meeting the diverse needs of the country’s regions in a mutually compatible, synchronized, and coherent manner.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
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Lesson
The justification of a TVET policy needs to be clear in relation to a country’s labor productivity, competitiveness, and economic growth, and be able to lead to informed decisions about making large public investments in a viable manner.

Project Number: 33409-013
Project Name: Vocational Education Strengthening Project
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Lesson
The government–development partner coordination mechanism played an important role in ensuring that the precautionary financing facility (PFF) achieved its objectives.

Project Number: 46239-001
Project Name: Precautionary Financing Facility
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Lesson
Technical assistance will play an important role to support line ministries, and to ensure their buy-in.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
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Lesson
The policy matrix should have been streamlined to focus on the achievements of substantive key actions.

Project Number: 40009-013, 40009-023, 40009-33, 40009-43
Project Name: Infrastructure Reform Sector Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3, and an Infrastructure Project Development Facility)
Report Date: