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Lesson
The inclusion of expected losses from health-related national emergencies must be considered in the program design of contingency disaster financing given the experience in COVID-19. Because health is now a part overall hazard, this will somewhat provide a quick guide in fund disbursements in case of such occurrences.

Project Number: 52018-001
Project Name: Disaster Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The formal government and development partner coordination mechanisms offer the opportunity to reduce transaction costs for all parties and increase the likelihood of a good quality program design and implementation. In the case of Solomon Islands, it utilized a wellestablished coordination mechanism to undertake policy dialogue, to design a program that is responsive to the country’s needs, and to jointly oversee program implementation.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the program indicates that working with state governments in India is an appropriate level for PBLs, which may not be achieved at the national-level when instituting similar reforms. Success at the state-level offers an opportunity for scaling-up or replicating the experience in other states with similar issues.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The terms and conditions of the subsequent tranches of financing should be at least as attractive as the initial tranche to keep the borrower committed to completing the full reform program.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Recognizing the limitations placed by cost and staff resources on ADB’s capacity to fully participate in coordination meetings in small member countries, the role of additional TA should have been carefully evaluated.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB would have enabled it to continue contributing its expertise to the reform process, keep itself informed of the evolving views of the government, and help clarify ADB’s future role in the reform process.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should be fully engaged with the program, whether or not funds are to be disbursed in a particular year.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A major constraint to the sustainability of reforms in macroeconomic management and financial sector development in small economies is the difficulty in recruiting, training, and retaining staff to undertake key analysis, supervision, and management functions.

Project Number: 46371-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program II
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction of a lease contract for water service delivery was innovative in the Armenia and former Soviet Union state context, which provides a model for other countries to consider.

Project Number: 46220-006
Project Name: Infrastructure Sustainability Support Program (Phase 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening public financial management )PFM) in a country that is undertaking peace building and state restructuring is challenging; therefore, working toward a long-term horizon, in a flexible way, and with attention to sequencing and overall coherence, is essential.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement matters that delay project implementation are a serious issue. Knowledge of procurement procedures is a key aspect of most ADB funded projects and a lack of understanding of the two-stage process should have been rectified earlier. Further training should have been provided to the executing agency, especially since it had limited exposure to ADB procedures and to the prices of the goods and services to be procured under the project.

Project Number: 41041-013
Project Name: Public Finance Management Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better coordination with Australian Aid was an explicit part of the PRMAP from the beginning. Adjustments to ADB’s country strategy and the design of follow-on programs may be better informed if there is sharing of information during and after each intervention.

Project Number: 40003-013
Project Name: Poverty Reduction and Millennium Development Goals Acceleration Program
Report Date: