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Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of reform agenda. Many public resource management reforms related to taxes or concessions, as in the SPBL, have political and economic implications and are often difficult to undertake without strong ownership. The SPBL implementation success resided in (i) a good understanding of the vested interests, (ii) the institutional capacity of government agencies, (iii) effective partnership and coordination between ADB and the government, and (iv) a strong sense of appreciation for the overall benefits of the program.

Project Number: 53247-001
Project Name: Economic Stabilization Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of reform agenda through strong government commitment. Public financial management reforms and SOE reforms to ensure fiscal sustainability, like those in the program, have political and economic implications and are difficult to undertake without strong ownership.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
It is necessary to enable the government to sustain capacity development programs beyond the life of a program. Institutionalizing change-management practices among those charged with implementing reforms—such as efforts undertaken in subprogram 2 to prepare the MTBF and develop the MTBF manual, including gender-responsive budgeting tools at the MOF—requires upgrading technical and change-management competency.

Project Number: 51350-001
Project Name: Economic Management Improvement Program: Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The formal government and development partner coordination mechanisms offer the opportunity to reduce transaction costs for all parties and increase the likelihood of a good quality program design and implementation. In the case of Solomon Islands, it utilized a wellestablished coordination mechanism to undertake policy dialogue, to design a program that is responsive to the country’s needs, and to jointly oversee program implementation.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The success of the program indicates that working with state governments in India is an appropriate level for PBLs, which may not be achieved at the national-level when instituting similar reforms. Success at the state-level offers an opportunity for scaling-up or replicating the experience in other states with similar issues.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The terms and conditions of the subsequent tranches of financing should be at least as attractive as the initial tranche to keep the borrower committed to completing the full reform program.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Recognizing the limitations placed by cost and staff resources on ADB’s capacity to fully participate in coordination meetings in small member countries, the role of additional TA should have been carefully evaluated.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued engagement by ADB would have enabled it to continue contributing its expertise to the reform process, keep itself informed of the evolving views of the government, and help clarify ADB’s future role in the reform process.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB should be fully engaged with the program, whether or not funds are to be disbursed in a particular year.

Project Number: 50210-001
Project Name: Fiscal Resilience Improvement Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A major constraint to the sustainability of reforms in macroeconomic management and financial sector development in small economies is the difficulty in recruiting, training, and retaining staff to undertake key analysis, supervision, and management functions.

Project Number: 46371-002
Project Name: Strengthening Economic Management Program II
Report Date:
Lesson
It is problematic to use a country's overall position in the Doing Business report to monitor progress in improving the business environment and overall competitiveness. The report has been subject to criticism and methodological problems have been identified. Its usefulness for monitoring progress in similar programs lies more in monitoring the country's performance over time - particularly in indicators that are not sensitive to the representative case used by the World Bank team - rather than measuring progress against other economies.

Project Number: 41544-022
Project Name: Investment Climate Improvement Program
Report Date: