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Lesson
Experience with this program validated the four reasons for the choice the policy-based lending (PBL) programmatic approach as most suitable for the development of the finance sector of Cambodia. First, financial sector development is a gradual process that requires proper sequencing. Key foundational reforms of the banking subsector must be in place before progressing to more complex reforms of the nonbank subsector.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transformative policy, institutional reforms, and student- and teacher-centered approaches are key to the progressive improvement of the upper secondary education (USE) subsector in Cambodia. The dropout rate of 8.0% among science scholarship recipients was low compared with the national average of 18.5% in USE, and science stream students performed better in the grade 12 exam in terms of higher scores compared to their peers in the social science stream.

Project Number: 47136-003
Project Name: Upper Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall development impact corresponds to the amount of effort put into both ensuring genuine ownership of objectives within the executing and implementing agencies and building capacity among the key stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Improved clarity on which agencies would undertake specific tasks would enhance implementation. This is the case for Cambodia irrigation scheme information system, Stung Sen river basin planning, Technical Services Centre courses), as well as administration from both CARM and ADB HQ.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Although there clearly was a commitment to change in relation to most tranche conditions, there was back-tracking on the initial commitment to divest state-owned enterprises. However, after considerable reflection and reconsideration of options over the program period, all state-owned enterprises were successfully divested, and the benefits of this - significantly better operations and financial performance of the ongoing enterprises, and cost savings for those wound up - are increasingly appreciated.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It was not until the establishment of working groups for each of the tranche conditions in late 2005, under the initiative of the program support unit (PSU), that ownership of the process became more localized. There were delays in the development of work plans and budgets, and the consequent disbursement of funds to the working groups caused a delay in meeting tranche conditions. However, resolving difficulties and obstacles was made easier by empowering the working groups to come up with their own ideas and solutions through internal processes.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implied assumption of the TA work plan (with its heavy emphasis on early TA inputs) was that the policy and institutional reforms would be achieved quite early on and that the remainder of the time would involve just monitoring and evaluation of implementation. Policy reforms take time, and continued monitoring and effort are required from the TA, the counterparts, the government, and ADB throughout the program in order to effect policy and institutional change.

Project Number: 34380-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Development Program
Report Date: