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Lesson
It is important to include in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) the extent to which capacity-building activities improve trainees' perception of their capacity to perform project-related tasks to gauge the effectiveness of such activities. Most project activities were capacity building. However, DMF targets measuring capacity-building activities were limited to the number of trainees reached which was purely informational for project accountability.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in scope could cause a lack of alignment between outcomes and outputs in the project’s results chain. The outcome target indicator for the increased number of disadvantaged students enrolled in HEIs was not linked to the output activity and indicator that the project design intended. By associating an outcome target with a potential output activity that can contribute to its achievement, project implementation activities would be purposeful.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate risk assessments can prevent projects from achieving results. The design and monitoring framework was designed with more assumptions made than risks identified. Overall project implementation was impacted by changes in government, although higher education institutions (HEIs) remained a priority for the government. Identification of risks related to unforeseen changes in government would have informed ADB and the project implementation unit of factors that could prevent the achievement of project results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Budget allocations and actual expenditures to continually achieve project objectives are an indication of its sustainability. As there was a general lack of a strong legal framework or related reform to support the sustainability of the project, ADB should have used information on budget allocations and actual expenditure for the higher education sector after project implementation to more substantially confirm the sustainability of the project’s results.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Most of the results were output based. There was limited evidence on the impact that the program was expected to have on reducing skill gaps in the labor market. A closer focus on the employability of students (through tracer studies) would help demonstrate program effectiveness.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The main driver of the project was improving the quality of USE to enhance productivity and employability in Viet Nam’s growing economy. However, the revision of curriculum and instructional material preparation was not within the sphere of the project. Instead, the project assumed that curriculum revision and new instructional material will be introduced within the project time frame, but outside the project scope. ADB should have properly identified such a project risk and adequately reflected it in project risk

Project Number: 42275-013
Project Name: Second Upper Secondary Education
Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF missed some essential data that were important in measuring project effectiveness. As this was a follow-up project, both executing agency and ADB should have had up-to-date data and information. To avoid such issues, ADB needs to make a rigorous assessment of the institutional arrangements, and database benchmarks in the case of long-term commitments and preparation of additional follow-on projects.

Project Number: 42275-013
Project Name: Second Upper Secondary Education
Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Two of the outcome performance indicators could not be measured directly using available data. This not only affects assessment of final outcome achievements but can also affect implementation. If indicators cannot be tracked accurately, project managers cannot receive regular implementation progress data indicating whether the project is on track or requires modification—or whether the targets themselves need to be revised. Flawed performance indicators need to be addressed as early as possible during implementation.

Project Number: 40368-022
Project Name: Secondary
Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence and an in-depth understanding of sociocultural attitudes and the identification of baseline indicators are vital to making targets more realistic and making monitoring more achievable.

Project Number: 42134-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Strengthening Higher Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic target setting of project outcome and outputs, including those of gender, will minimize changes during implementation.

Project Number: 42134-022
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Strengthening Higher Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of data availability goes beyond the preparation of DMF indicators.

Project Number: 40354-013
Project Name: Health Human Resources Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
When data are not available or are incomplete at appraisal, the project should consider supporting the development of a robust health management information system.

Project Number: 40354-013
Project Name: Health Human Resources Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely collection of correct data is essential for monitoring the implementation, for assessing progress in achieving the program objectives, and as a basis for further planning and decision making.

Project Number: 40354-013
Project Name: Health Human Resources Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
While cross-project collaboration are potentially powerful tools to achieve multiple objectives and reduce costs, it requires thought and planning, and the benefits are not automatic.

Project Number: 36513-032
Project Name: SchoolNet and Community Access Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF, along with the indicators and targets, should be revised and updated accordingly if and when a project goes through a major change in scope.

Project Number: 31309-013
Project Name: Post-Literacy and Continuing Education Project
Report Date: