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Lesson
The achievement of project outcomes and outputs and the development impact of the project demonstrate the effectiveness of WSS projects in increasing the economic welfare of the poorest and most disadvantaged people in a country.

Project Number: 35173-013
Project Name: Third Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for a comprehensive approach that fosters continuity of quality-enhancing interventions to address the persistent challenge of improving learning. Low learning starts in the early grades and continues in the higher grades. Efforts to improve learning need to start from the early grades and continue throughout the different levels of education.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Teacher Preparation and professional development programs need to be revisited. Because of their low effectiveness, teacher professional development programs in the country urgently need to be revisited, including from the gender equityy and social inclusion perspective. Teacher Preparation courses at universities need to be reviewed, existing education training centers to be expanded and equipped to deliver modern pedagogy, and school-based teacher support systems to be instituted.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Interventions to strengthen sector resilience need to be broadened to improve system readiness for future challenges to learning continuity. After the 2015 earthquake, significant effort was directed towards improving school sector resilience against disasters triggered by natural hazards and climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted new challenges that can impinge on learning continuity, with disproportionate effects on students from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and deprived communities.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Future school infrastructure development requires a comprehensive approach based on the school’s operational viability. To meet school needs, the School Sector Development Plan adopted an ad hoc, piecemeal approach to school infrastructure development. In future, a comprehensive approach, based on the school's operational viability and as practiced in this intervention's model school program, needs to be undertaken especially because of the changing demographic dynamics that have resulted in school mergers and closures.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to continue the RBL modality for the school education SWAp and expand to other education subsectors to leverage sequencing of results, add value to government programs, sustainably strengthen institutions, and harmonize development partners. The RBL modality encouraged substantive policy discussion and critical analysis geared towards common agreement on the key results. The government internalized the aim of achieving targets in a set time frame and linking disbursements to achieved results.

Project Number: 49424-001
Project Name: Supporting School Sector Development Plan
Report Date:
Lesson
Resources devoted for post completion survey during the project design stage help facilitate assessment, especially for community-driven demonstration projects with potential higher-level impacts.

Project Number: 38417-022
Project Name: Community Irrigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued capacity development training of local officials and WUAs during project management, including for safeguard issues, ensures sustainable O&M of irrigation infrastructure and improved agricultural practices.

Project Number: 38417-022
Project Name: Community Irrigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A better understanding of farmers' preferences and concerns ensures the feasibility of project targets.

Project Number: 38417-022
Project Name: Community Irrigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A methodological lesson is that, in multiphase projects, it is good to prepare cost tables by expenditure category (i.e., civil works) to learn how future projects need to plan their estimates.

Project Number: 38426-023, 30232-013
Project Name: Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project needs to define road needs for a longer time frame and to construct roads to a suitable grade at the outset as it is more efficient and cost-effective than having to upgrade later.

Project Number: 38426-023, 30232-013
Project Name: Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With lack of progress on sludge and wastewater management a significant shortcoming of the project, the government could draw on global best practice for city-side inclusive sanitation to develop and pilot a fecal sludge management program that could be integrated with agriculture development.

Project Number: 41022-022
Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The WUSCs are highly effective institutions for engendering strong community commitment to and ownership of WSS services and they appear to be able to administer the financial and revenue collection aspects of WSS system operation; the next project could explore the potential for a more corporatized WUSC model for towns with a population of more than 100,000, and options for contracting out the technical aspects of operation and maintenance of both water supply and wastewater management infrastructure;

Project Number: 41022-022
Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation with service agencies during project design stage is best, as their hands-on experience and knowledge of the sector would enhance project availability and allow them to align with the proposed project.

Project Number: 40054-013
Project Name: South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Information Highway
Report Date:
Lesson
Strengthening PFM systems at subnational levels requires delineation of key institutional arrangements of the chosen federal system, careful selection of intervention, attention to connecting subnational PFM to the main PFM reform agenda, and productive engagement of key national agencies to reduce unhealthy competition in achieving reforms.

Project Number: 36172-063
Project Name: Strengthening Public Management Program
Report Date: